Drug-coated Balloons Versus Drug-eluting Stents for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal In-Stent Restenosis
Title: Drug-coated Balloons Versus Drug-eluting Stents for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal In-Stent Restenosis: A Prospective, Multicenter, Cohort Study (The Defier Study)
Femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains an important cause of recurrent symptoms and repeat revascularization after lower-extremity endovascular treatment. Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) avoid an additional permanent metallic layer, whereas drug-eluting stents provide mechanical scaffolding with local antiproliferative drug delivery. Direct prospective comparative-effectiveness evidence in symptomatic femoropopliteal ISR remains limited.
DEFIER is a prospective, multicenter observational comparative-effectiveness cohort study enrolling up to 600 adults with symptomatic Rutherford category 2-5 femoropopliteal ISR. Treatment is selected by the treating physician as part of routine clinical care and is not assigned by the research protocol. After guidewire crossing and lesion preparation, patients for whom both strategies remain clinically feasible enter the primary comparative cohort. The DCB-first strategy uses IN.PACT Admiral or AcoArt Orchid 0.035, with protocol-defined focal bare-metal bailout stenting permitted when clinically required. The Eluvia-first strategy uses the Eluvia drug-eluting vascular stent.
Participants will be followed for 24 months. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of first clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) through 24 months. Comparative analyses will use a prespecified target-trial framework and propensity-score overlap weighting, with death and major target-limb amputation treated as competing events.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: chunshui he, MD
- Email: chunshui_he@163.com
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Sampling Method
Study Population
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
Age >18 years. Willing and able to provide written informed consent. Rutherford Clinical Category 2-5. Angiographically confirmed ≥50% stenosis or occlusion within a previously implanted superficial femoral or proximal popliteal artery stent more than 30 days after implantation.
The target lesion is within the previously stented segment or extends no more than 3 cm proximally or distally beyond the prior stent.
Total target lesion length ≤30 cm. At least one patent below-the-knee runoff vessel. Willing and able to complete follow-up through 24 months. After lesion preparation, both the DCB-first and Eluvia-first strategies remain clinically feasible.
Exclusion Criteria:
Pregnancy or lactation. Rutherford Clinical Category 0 or 6. Target lesion stenosis <50%. Target lesion length >30 cm. Severe calcification precluding endovascular treatment. Acute limb ischemia or acute thrombosis of the target limb. Untreated hemodynamically significant aorto-iliac inflow disease. Cerebrovascular accident within 60 days before the index procedure. Contraindication to required antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent. Life expectancy <2 years or another factor making completion of follow-up unlikely.
Persistent post-preparation anatomy that mandates one treatment strategy and therefore eliminates clinical equipoise.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
Cohorts and Interventions
Group / Cohort |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
|
DCB-First Strategy Cohort
Participants whose treating physician selects a drug-coated balloon-first strategy as part of routine clinical care after lesion preparation and confirmation that both treatment strategies remain clinically feasible.
The prespecified DCB platforms are IN.PACT Admiral and AcoArt Orchid 0.035.
Protocol-defined focal bare-metal bailout stenting is permitted when clinically necessary.
Treatment is not assigned by the research protocol.
|
Physician-selected routine-care treatment with either IN.PACT Admiral or AcoArt Orchid 0.035 after lesion preparation.
Device size and length are selected according to vessel anatomy and locally approved instructions for use.
Protocol-defined focal bare-metal bailout stenting is permitted when clinically required for a suboptimal DCB result.
|
|
Eluvia-First Strategy Cohort
Participants whose treating physician selects an Eluvia-first strategy as part of routine clinical care after lesion preparation and confirmation that both treatment strategies remain clinically feasible.
The strategy uses the Eluvia Drug-Eluting Vascular Stent System.
Treatment is not assigned by the research protocol.
|
Physician-selected routine-care treatment with the Eluvia Drug-Eluting Vascular Stent System after lesion preparation.
Stent diameter and length are selected according to vessel anatomy and locally approved instructions for use.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Clinically-Driven Target Lesion Revascularization (CD-TLR)
Time Frame: 24 months post-procedure
|
Clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) is defined as repeat percutaneous or surgical revascularization of the target lesion, defined as the treated segment plus 5 mm proximally and distally, for ≥50% restenosis or occlusion accompanied by recurrent or worsening limb symptoms, Rutherford-category deterioration, ABI/TBI decline consistent with hemodynamic worsening, including an ABI decline ≥0.15 from the post-procedure reference when applicable, or failure or worsening of tissue loss in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia.
Events will be independently adjudicated.
|
24 months post-procedure
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Estimated)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- CZY FY XGWK2
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.