Effects of Magnesium and Spinning Training on Echocardiographic, Inflammatory, and Aerobic Outcomes

Effects of Magnesium Supplementation and Spinning Training on Cardiac Function, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Aerobic Capacity

Regular aerobic exercise may improve cardiorespiratory fitness while modulating systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Spinning, as a structured indoor cycling modality, provides a practical aerobic exercise model with adjustable intensity and duration, but its effects on redox balance, inflammatory status, aerobic capacity, and cardiac functional parameters may vary according to individual recovery and nutritional status. Magnesium is an essential micronutrient involved in energy metabolism, muscle contraction-relaxation, ion regulation, and inflammatory and oxidative pathways; therefore, magnesium use may be relevant to exercise adaptation and recovery.

This study aims to evaluate the associations of magnesium use and spinning training with oxidative stress, inflammation, aerobic capacity, and cardiac parameters. In this context, biochemical markers related to oxidative/antioxidant status and inflammation, aerobic performance indicators, and echocardiographic cardiac function parameters will be assessed together. The study is expected to provide real-world evidence on whether magnesium use in individuals participating in spinning training is associated with more favorable redox, inflammatory, aerobic, and cardiac profiles.

Study Overview

• Status: Enrolling by invitation
• Conditions: Inflammation; Exercise; Healthy Volunteers; Oxidative Stress; Physical Fitness; Echocardiography
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Spinning Training; Dietary supplement: Magnesium Supplementation

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 48
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Karaman, Turkey (Türkiye), 70100
    • Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Sport Sciences

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Self-identified male participants
• Aged 18 to 30 years
• Physically active individuals
• Participants who are eligible to participate in a structured spinning training program
• Participants with available baseline and follow-up assessments for biochemical, aerobic capacity, and cardiac function parameters

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of any chronic systemic disease
• Acute infection during the study period
• Regular use of anti-inflammatory or antioxidant medications
• Use of antioxidant or ergogenic supplements other than magnesium
• Any cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or neurological condition that may limit participation in spinning training
• Missing baseline or follow-up outcome data

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control group; Participants in this arm will not receive any exercise training, magnesium supplementation, or placebo intervention during the study period. They will continue their usual daily routines and will undergo the same baseline and follow-up assessments as the intervention groups.
Active Comparator: Spinning Training Group; Participants in this arm will participate in a structured spinning training program during the study period. No magnesium supplementation or placebo will be administered. Baseline and follow-up assessments will include oxidative stress, inflammatory, aerobic capacity, and cardiac function parameters.	Behavioral: Spinning Training; Participants will participate in a structured spinning training program during the study period. The program will consist of supervised indoor cycling sessions performed at a planned frequency, duration, and intensity.
Experimental: Spinning + Magnesium Group; Participants in this arm will participate in a structured spinning training program and receive magnesium supplementation during the study period. Baseline and follow-up assessments will include oxidative stress, inflammatory, aerobic capacity, and cardiac function parameters.	Behavioral: Spinning Training; Participants will participate in a structured spinning training program during the study period. The program will consist of supervised indoor cycling sessions performed at a planned frequency, duration, and intensity.; Dietary supplement: Magnesium Supplementation; Participants will receive oral magnesium supplementation during the study period in addition to the structured spinning training program.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO₂max)	Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max, mL/kg/min) will be assessed using a graded exercise test. The change in VO₂max from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Serum Magnesium Concentration	Serum magnesium concentration (mg/dL) will be measured using standard laboratory methods. The change in serum magnesium levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Total Antioxidant Status (TAS)	Serum total antioxidant status (TAS, mmol Trolox equivalent/L) will be measured using commercially available assay kits. The change in TAS from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Total Oxidant Status (TOS)	Serum total oxidant status (TOS, μmol H₂O₂ equivalent/L) will be measured using commercially available assay kits. The change in TOS from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Paraoxonase-1 Activity (PON1)	Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1, U/L) activity will be determined using spectrophotometric methods. The change in PON1 activity from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Arylesterase Activity (ARE)	Serum arylesterase (ARE, kU/L) activity will be determined using spectrophotometric methods. The change in ARE activity from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)	Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, mg/L) concentration will be measured using standard laboratory methods. The change in hs-CRP levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Interleukin-6 (IL-6)	Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg/mL) concentration will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. The change in IL-6 levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α)	Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, pg/mL) concentration will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. The change in TNF-α levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Serum Potassium Concentration	Serum potassium concentration (mmol/L) will be measured using standard biochemical methods. The change in serum potassium levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Serum Calcium Concentration	Serum calcium concentration (mg/dL) will be measured using standard biochemical methods. The change in serum calcium levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP)	Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, pg/mL) concentration will be measured using immunoassay methods. The change in NT-proBNP levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)	Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) will be assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. The change in LVEF from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated.	Baseline and 6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Şemsi Gül Yılmaz Kocaman, PhD, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Chavarrias M, Carlos-Vivas J, Collado-Mateo D, Perez-Gomez J. Health Benefits of Indoor Cycling: A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Aug 8;55(8):452. doi: 10.3390/medicina55080452.
• Tarsitano MG, Quinzi F, Folino K, Greco F, Oranges FP, Cerulli C, Emerenziani GP. Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness in different type of physical activities: a systematic review. J Transl Med. 2024 Jul 5;22(1):629. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05434-x.
• Sireno L, Dimauro I, Caporossi D. Reactive oxygen species in exercise biology: from adaptive stress response to cell signaling and beyond. Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Mar 1;245:447-462. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.12.044. Epub 2026 Jan 2. No abstract available.
• Reno AM, Green M, Killen LG, O'Neal EK, Pritchett K, Hanson Z. Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Aug 1;36(8):2198-2203. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003827. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
• Feng W, Wang Y, Gu X, Yu D, Liu Z. Exercise as a modulator of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers across clinical and healthy populations: an umbrella meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Nov 28;17(1):360. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01327-8.
• Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Ragusa FS, Baio SM, Sgro F, Russo A, Battaglia G, Bianco A, Barbagallo M. The Importance of Vitamin D and Magnesium in Athletes. Nutrients. 2025 May 13;17(10):1655. doi: 10.3390/nu17101655.
• Battista RA, Foster C, Andrew J, Wright G, Lucia A, Porcari JP. Physiologic responses during indoor cycling. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jul;22(4):1236-41. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318173dbc4.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): August 15, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): August 20, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 5, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 17, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): June 23, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 23, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 17, 2026
• Last Verified: June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Behavior; Inflammation; Motor Activity
• Other Study ID Numbers: 02-2026/29

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Individual participant data will not be shared because the dataset contains participant-level health and performance records. All results will be reported in aggregate form, and confidentiality will be maintained in accordance with applicable data protection regulations.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No