Comparison of Upper Extremity Reaction Time, Body Awareness, Grip Strength, Agility and Functionality Between Wheelchair Para-Armwrestling and Para-Archery Athletes

July 30, 2026 updated by: Ezgi Türkmen, Health Institutes of Turkey
Aim of the study is to evaluate upper extremity performance between wheelchair para-armwrestling and para-archery athletes in a multidimensional way and to compare upper extremity reaction time, body awareness, grip strength, agility, and functionality parameters.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Detailed Description

The aim of this research is to evaluate the upper extremity reaction time, body awareness, grip strength, agility, and functionality levels of the upper extremity between wheelchair para-armwrestling and para-archery athletes using scientific and objective measurement methods, and to comparatively examine the differences between these disciplines in terms of these parameters. In addition, it aims to reveal the effects of different physical and motor requirements on the neuromuscular performance, functional capacity, and body awareness levels of wheelchair athletes in various sports disciplines. This research study is designed as an observational and cross-sectional evaluation study.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

50

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Wheelchair Para-Armwrestling and Wheelchair Para-Archery Athletes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between 18 and 45 years of age.
  • Being a licensed wheelchair para-armwrestling athlete (n=25).
  • Being a licensed wheelchair para-archery athlete (n=25).
  • Having been regularly and actively participating in the relevant sport for at least one year.
  • Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having undergone surgery on the upper extremity within the last six months.
  • Having a diagnosed neurological, rheumatological, or systemic disease that may affect upper extremity function.
  • Having a diagnosed cognitive, mental, or communication disability that may negatively impact the assessment process.
  • Having a diagnosed psychological disorder that may impair communication.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Group I
Wheelchair Para-Armwrestling Athletes
Group II
Wheelchair Para-Archery Athletes

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Nelson Hand Reaction Time Test
Time Frame: Baseline
The Nelson Hand Reaction Time Test measures upper extremity reaction time and visual-motor response speed by requiring participants to catch a dropped ruler between the thumb and index finger. The distance the ruler falls, measured upon catching, is converted to reflect reaction time, with shorter distances indicating faster neuromuscular responses.
Baseline
Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ)
Time Frame: Baseline
BAQ is an 18-item self-report scale designed to measure how attentive you are to normal, non-emotional internal bodily processes. It evaluates your sensitivity to everyday bodily cycles (like sleep and hunger), ability to detect subtle changes, and capacity to anticipate physical reactions. Typically takes about 3 to 5 minutes. Items are generally rated on a 1 to 7 scale, with higher total scores indicating greater perceived conKdence and accuracy in monitoring your physical state over time.
Baseline
Grip Strength Test with Hand Dynamometer
Time Frame: Baseline
A hydraulic Jamar hand dynamometer will be used to measure grip strength. This device allows the measurement of hand grip strength in Kilogram (kg) or Newton (N). During the assessment, the participant will be seated upright in a chair. The participant will be asked to squeeze the dynamometer with maximum force.
Baseline
Agility with Wheelchair Change of Direction Ability Test-WCODA
Time Frame: Baseline
The test is conducted on a flat surface. The participant waits at the starting line in a ready position in their wheelchair. Upon the starting signal, the participant moves forward at maximum speed along the 8-meter course. At the designated point at the 4-meter mark, they make a 180° turn and return. The test ends when the participant reaches the finish line. The test duration is recorded with a stopwatch.
Baseline
Modified Functional Reach Test
Time Frame: Baseline
Participant sits upright on a bench or wheelchair with feet flat on the floor, positioned near a wall or a mounted yardstick. The reaching arm is raised to a 90-degree forward flexion with extended fingers. The test is administered in three different directions: 1. Reaching forward with the unaffected side close to the wall, 2. Reaching to the right with the back to the wall, 3. Reaching to the left with the back to the wall. Participant is instructed to "reach as far as you can forward without losing balance or rotating the trunk". Participant is instructed to reach as far as possible in each direction without rotating their torso or touching the wall. The distance covered is recorded in centimeters (cm).
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Health Institutes of Turkey

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 30, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

August 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

August 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 24, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 24, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 30, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 31, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 30, 2026

Last Verified

July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ETurkmen0326

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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