Impact of orally administered lozenges with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 on the number of salivary mutans streptococci, amount of plaque, gingival inflammation and the oral microbiome in healthy adults

Aino Toiviainen, Heli Jalasvuori, Emilia Lahti, Ulvi Gursoy, Seppo Salminen, Margherita Fontana, Susan Flannagan, George Eckert, Alexis Kokaras, Bruce Paster, Eva Söderling, Aino Toiviainen, Heli Jalasvuori, Emilia Lahti, Ulvi Gursoy, Seppo Salminen, Margherita Fontana, Susan Flannagan, George Eckert, Alexis Kokaras, Bruce Paster, Eva Söderling

Abstract

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the effects of orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) on the number of salivary mutans streptococci (MS), amount of plaque, gingival inflammation and the oral microbiota in healthy young adults.

Materials and methods: The study was a randomised, controlled, double-blind trial. Healthy volunteers used lozenges containing a combination of LGG and BB-12 (test group, n = 29) or lozenges without added probiotics (control group, n = 31) for 4 weeks. At baseline and at the end of the test period, the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were determined, and stimulated saliva was collected. The microbial composition of saliva was assessed using human oral microbe identification microarray (n = 30). MS and lactobacilli (LB) were plate cultured.

Results: The probiotic lozenge decreased both PI and GI (p < 0.05) while no changes were observed in the control group. However, no probiotic-induced changes were found in the microbial compositions of saliva in either group.

Conclusions: The probiotic lozenge improved the periodontal status without affecting the oral microbiota.

Clinical relevance: Short-term consumption of LGG and BB-12 decreased the amount of plaque which was associated with a clinical impact: a decrease in gingival inflammation.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Individual HOMIM profiles for 27 selected predominant microbes representing the oral microbiota of the 15 subjects of the probiotic group at baseline and after 4-week use of the probiotic lozenge. The color intensity reflects relative proportions of the species present in the sample

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