No evidence of differential impact of sunflower and rapeseed oil on biomarkers of coronary artery disease or chronic kidney disease in healthy adults with overweight and obesity: result from a randomised control trial

Katie Nicol, Bahareh Mansoorian, Agnieszka Latosinska, Aimilia Koutroulaki, Bill Mullen, Emilie Combet, Katie Nicol, Bahareh Mansoorian, Agnieszka Latosinska, Aimilia Koutroulaki, Bill Mullen, Emilie Combet

Abstract

Purpose: The perceived benefits and risks associated with seed oil intake remain controversial, with a limited number of studies investigating the impact of intake on a range of compounds used as cardiometabolic markers. This study aimed to explore the proteomic and cardiometabolic effects of commonly consumed seed oils in the UK, with different fatty acid profiles.

Methods: In a parallel randomised control design, healthy adults (n = 84), aged 25-72 with overweight or obesity were randomised to one of three groups: control (habitual diet, CON); 20 mL rapeseed oil per day (RO), or 20 mL sunflower oil per day (SO). Blood, spot urine and anthropometric measures were obtained at 0, 6 and 12 weeks. Proteomic biomarkers analysis was conducted for coronary arterial disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, glycative/oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were also analysed.

Results: No differences in change between time points were observed between groups for CAD or CKD peptide fingerprint scores. No change was detected within groups for CAD or CKD scores. No detectable differences were observed between groups at week 6 or 12 for the secondary outcomes, except median 8-isoprostane, ~ 50% higher in the SO group after 12-weeks compared to RO and CON groups (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: The replacement of habitual fat with either RO or SO for 12 weeks does not lead to an improvement or worsening in cardiovascular health markers in people with overweight or obesity.

Trial registration: Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT04867629, retrospectively registered 30/04/2021.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Cardiometabolic; Cardiovascular; Dietary fat; Monounsaturated fatty acids; Proteomic; Rapeseed; Seed oils; Sunflower.

Conflict of interest statement

BM and EC are in receipt of funds (for unrestricted use) from Filippo Berio UK (Hempstead, England) and the British Broadcast Corporation (BBC). Latosinska is an employee of Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH (Hannover, Germany) which commercialises the proteomic biomarker assays.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of participants from baseline (week 0) until the end of intervention (week 12)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Urinary proteomic biomarker scores for coronary artery disease (CAD238), chronic kidney disease (CKD273) at weeks 0, 6 and 12 of the intervention. Data are presented as medians (IQR). Horizontal line indicates cut-off value for biomarker score (CKD273: 0.343, CAD238: 0.428). 1Kruskal-Wallis investigating concentration differences between groups at baseline. One-way ANCOVA investigated scoring differences between groups at weeks 6 and 12, after adjusting for baseline. 2Kruskal-Wallis investigating differences between groups in concentration change from baseline at weeks 6 and 12. A CKD273, B CAD238
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Plasma lipid concentrations (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and fasting blood glucose) at week 0, 6 and 12 of the intervention. Grey area indicates normal range for each biomarker. A Triglycerides, B total cholesterol, C HDL cholesterol, D LDL cholesterol, E glucose. Plasma samples were missing from 10 participants at baseline (4 RO, 3 SO, 3 control), 14 participants at week 6 (5 RO, 5 SO, 4 control) and 10 participants at week 12 (4 RO, 4 SO, 2 control)

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