Cardiovascular disease among hispanics and non-hispanics in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort (CRIC) study
Ana C Ricardo, James P Lash, Michael J Fischer, Claudia M Lora, Matthew Budoff, Martin G Keane, John W Kusek, Monica Martinez, Lisa Nessel, Thomas Stamos, Akinlolu Ojo, Mahboob Rahman, Elsayed Z Soliman, Wei Yang, Harold I Feldman, Alan S Go, CRIC and HCRIC Investigators, Harold I Feldman, J Richard Landis, Dina H Appleby, Shawn Ballard, Denise Cifelli, Robert M Curley, Jennifer Dickson, Marie Durborow, Stephen Durborow, Melanie Glenn, Asaf Hanish, Christopher Helker, Elizabeth S Helker, Amanda Hyre Anderson, Marshall Joffe, Scott Kasner, Stephen E Kimmel, Shiriki Kumanyika, Lisa Nessel, Emile R Mohler, Steven R Messe, Nancy Robinson, Leigh Rosen, J Sanford Schwartz, Sandra Smith, Joan Stahl, Kelvin Tao, Valerie L Teal, Xin Wang, Dawei Xie, Peter Yang, Xiaoming Zhang, Raymond R Townsend, Debbie Cohen, Magdalena Cuevas, Mark J Duckworth, Daniel L Dries, Virginia Ford, Colin M Gorman, Juan Grunwald, Holly M Hannah, Peter A Kanetsky, Krishna Kellem, Lucy Kibe, Mary B Leonard, Maureen Maguire, Stephanie McDowell, John Murphy, Muredach Reilly, Sylvia E Rosas, Wanda M Seamon, Angie Sheridan, Karen Teff, Lawrence J Appel, Jeanne Charleston, Nyya Etheredge, Bernard Jaar, Kelly Mantegna, Carla Martin, Patience Ngoh, Julia Scialla, Steve Sozio, Sharon Turban, Jeffrey Fink, Wanda Fink, Afshin Parsa, Beth Scism, Stephen Seliger, Matthew Weir, Mahboob Rahman, Renee Dancie, Genya Kisin, Radhika Kanthety, Louise Strauss, Jackson T Wright Jr, Jeffrey Schelling, Jacqui Bjaloncik, Theresa Fallon, John R Sedor, Mary Ann Shella, Jacqueline Theurer, J Daryl Thornton, Martin J Schreiber, Richard Fatica, Sandra Halliburton, Carol Horner, Teresa Markle, Mohammed A Rafey, Annette Russo, Stephanie Slattery, Rita Spirko, Kay Stelmach, Velma Stephens, Lara Danziger- Isakov, Akinlolu Ojo, Jeff Briesmiester, Denise Cornish-Zirker, Crystal Gadegbeku, Nancy Hill, Kenneth Jamerson, Matthias Kretzler, Bruce Robinson, Rajiv Saran, Bonnie Welliver, Jillian Wilson, Eric Young, Susan P Steigerwalt, Keith Bellovich, Jennifer DeLuca, Sherry Gasko, Gail Makos, Shahan Smith, Kathleen Walls, John M Flack, James Sondheimer, Mary Maysura, Stephen Migdal, M Jena Mohanty, Yanni Zhuang, James P Lash, Carolyn Brecklin, Eunice Carmona, Janet Cohan, Michael Fischer, Anne Frydrych, Amada Lopez, Claudia Lora, Monica Martinez, Adriana Matos, Alejandro Mercado, Brenda Moreno, Patricia Meslar, Ana Ricardo, Thomas Stamos, Eve Van Cauter, Jiang He, Brent Alper, Vecihi Batuman, Lydia A Bazzano, Bernadette Borja, Adriana Burridge, Jing Chen, Catherine Cooke, Patrice Delafontaine, Karen B DeSalvo, Vivian A Fonseca, Lee Hamm, Michelle R Hurly, Julie Legarde, Eva Lustigova, Paul Muntner, Maria Patrocollo-Emerson, Lindsey Powers, Shea Shelton, Claire Starcke, Paul Whelton, Alan S Go, Lynn M Ackerson, Pete Dorin, Daniel Fernandez, Nancy G Jensvold, Joan C Lo, Juan D Ordonez, Rachel Perloff, Thida Tan, Daphne Thompson, Gina M Valladares, Annette Wiggins, Diana B Wong, Jingrong Yang, Chiyuan Hsu, Glenn M Chertow, Nisha Bansal, Manju Kurella, Michael G Shlipak, Kristine Yaffe, John W Kusek, Andrew S Narva, Kathy Faber-Langendoen, Bryce A Kiberd, Elisa T Lee, Julia Lewis, William McClellan, Timothy Meyer, David Nathan, John B Stokes, Herman Taylor, Peter W Wilson, Vallabh Shah, Dominic Raj, Myles Wolf, Paul M Ridker, Daniel J Rader, Anna DiFlorio, Ted Mifflin, Linda Morrell, Megan L Wolfe, Phillip Hall, Henry Rolin, Sue Saunders, Mathew Budoff, Chris Dailing, Elsayed Z Soliman, Zhu- Ming Zhang, John Sutton, Martin G Keane, Ana C Ricardo, James P Lash, Michael J Fischer, Claudia M Lora, Matthew Budoff, Martin G Keane, John W Kusek, Monica Martinez, Lisa Nessel, Thomas Stamos, Akinlolu Ojo, Mahboob Rahman, Elsayed Z Soliman, Wei Yang, Harold I Feldman, Alan S Go, CRIC and HCRIC Investigators, Harold I Feldman, J Richard Landis, Dina H Appleby, Shawn Ballard, Denise Cifelli, Robert M Curley, Jennifer Dickson, Marie Durborow, Stephen Durborow, Melanie Glenn, Asaf Hanish, Christopher Helker, Elizabeth S Helker, Amanda Hyre Anderson, Marshall Joffe, Scott Kasner, Stephen E Kimmel, Shiriki Kumanyika, Lisa Nessel, Emile R Mohler, Steven R Messe, Nancy Robinson, Leigh Rosen, J Sanford Schwartz, Sandra Smith, Joan Stahl, Kelvin Tao, Valerie L Teal, Xin Wang, Dawei Xie, Peter Yang, Xiaoming Zhang, Raymond R Townsend, Debbie Cohen, Magdalena Cuevas, Mark J Duckworth, Daniel L Dries, Virginia Ford, Colin M Gorman, Juan Grunwald, Holly M Hannah, Peter A Kanetsky, Krishna Kellem, Lucy Kibe, Mary B Leonard, Maureen Maguire, Stephanie McDowell, John Murphy, Muredach Reilly, Sylvia E Rosas, Wanda M Seamon, Angie Sheridan, Karen Teff, Lawrence J Appel, Jeanne Charleston, Nyya Etheredge, Bernard Jaar, Kelly Mantegna, Carla Martin, Patience Ngoh, Julia Scialla, Steve Sozio, Sharon Turban, Jeffrey Fink, Wanda Fink, Afshin Parsa, Beth Scism, Stephen Seliger, Matthew Weir, Mahboob Rahman, Renee Dancie, Genya Kisin, Radhika Kanthety, Louise Strauss, Jackson T Wright Jr, Jeffrey Schelling, Jacqui Bjaloncik, Theresa Fallon, John R Sedor, Mary Ann Shella, Jacqueline Theurer, J Daryl Thornton, Martin J Schreiber, Richard Fatica, Sandra Halliburton, Carol Horner, Teresa Markle, Mohammed A Rafey, Annette Russo, Stephanie Slattery, Rita Spirko, Kay Stelmach, Velma Stephens, Lara Danziger- Isakov, Akinlolu Ojo, Jeff Briesmiester, Denise Cornish-Zirker, Crystal Gadegbeku, Nancy Hill, Kenneth Jamerson, Matthias Kretzler, Bruce Robinson, Rajiv Saran, Bonnie Welliver, Jillian Wilson, Eric Young, Susan P Steigerwalt, Keith Bellovich, Jennifer DeLuca, Sherry Gasko, Gail Makos, Shahan Smith, Kathleen Walls, John M Flack, James Sondheimer, Mary Maysura, Stephen Migdal, M Jena Mohanty, Yanni Zhuang, James P Lash, Carolyn Brecklin, Eunice Carmona, Janet Cohan, Michael Fischer, Anne Frydrych, Amada Lopez, Claudia Lora, Monica Martinez, Adriana Matos, Alejandro Mercado, Brenda Moreno, Patricia Meslar, Ana Ricardo, Thomas Stamos, Eve Van Cauter, Jiang He, Brent Alper, Vecihi Batuman, Lydia A Bazzano, Bernadette Borja, Adriana Burridge, Jing Chen, Catherine Cooke, Patrice Delafontaine, Karen B DeSalvo, Vivian A Fonseca, Lee Hamm, Michelle R Hurly, Julie Legarde, Eva Lustigova, Paul Muntner, Maria Patrocollo-Emerson, Lindsey Powers, Shea Shelton, Claire Starcke, Paul Whelton, Alan S Go, Lynn M Ackerson, Pete Dorin, Daniel Fernandez, Nancy G Jensvold, Joan C Lo, Juan D Ordonez, Rachel Perloff, Thida Tan, Daphne Thompson, Gina M Valladares, Annette Wiggins, Diana B Wong, Jingrong Yang, Chiyuan Hsu, Glenn M Chertow, Nisha Bansal, Manju Kurella, Michael G Shlipak, Kristine Yaffe, John W Kusek, Andrew S Narva, Kathy Faber-Langendoen, Bryce A Kiberd, Elisa T Lee, Julia Lewis, William McClellan, Timothy Meyer, David Nathan, John B Stokes, Herman Taylor, Peter W Wilson, Vallabh Shah, Dominic Raj, Myles Wolf, Paul M Ridker, Daniel J Rader, Anna DiFlorio, Ted Mifflin, Linda Morrell, Megan L Wolfe, Phillip Hall, Henry Rolin, Sue Saunders, Mathew Budoff, Chris Dailing, Elsayed Z Soliman, Zhu- Ming Zhang, John Sutton, Martin G Keane
Abstract
Background and objectives: Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States. The leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet little is known about its prevalence among Hispanics with CKD.
Design, setting, participants, & measurements: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of prevalent self-reported clinical and subclinical measures of CVD among 497 Hispanics, 1638 non-Hispanic Caucasians, and 1650 non-Hispanic African Americans, aged 21 to 74 years, with mild-to-moderate CKD at enrollment in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and Hispanic CRIC (HCRIC) studies. Measures of subclinical CVD included left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), coronary artery calcification (CAC), and ankle-brachial index.
Results: Self-reported coronary heart disease (CHD) was lower in Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians (18% versus 23%, P = 0.02). Compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians, Hispanics had a lower prevalence of CAC >100 (41% versus 34%, P = 0.03) and CAC >400 (26% versus 19%, P = 0.02). However, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, these differences were no longer significant. In adjusted analyses, Hispanics had a higher odds of LVH compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 3.17, P = 0.005), and a higher odds of CAC >400 compared with non-Hispanic African Americans (odds ratio, 2.49, 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 5.58, P = 0.03). Hispanic ethnicity was not independently associated with any other CVD measures.
Conclusions: Prevalent LVH was more common among Hispanics than non-Hispanic Caucasians, and elevated CAC score was more common among Hispanics than non-Hispanic African Americans. Understanding reasons for these racial/ethnic differences and their association with long-term clinical outcomes is needed.
Figures
Source: PubMed