The effect of music in gynaecological office procedures on pain, anxiety and satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial

N Mak, I M A Reinders, S A Slockers, E H M N Westen, J W M Maas, M Y Bongers, N Mak, I M A Reinders, S A Slockers, E H M N Westen, J W M Maas, M Y Bongers

Abstract

Background: Pain can interfere with office procedures in gynaecology. The aim of this study is to measure the positive effect of music in gynaecological office procedures.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed between October 2014 and January 2016. Women scheduled for an office hysteroscopy or colposcopy were eligible for randomization in the music group or control group. Stratification for hysteroscopy and colposcopy took place. The primary outcome is patients' level of pain during the procedure measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include patients' level of pain after the procedure, anxiety and satisfaction of patient and doctor.

Results: No positive effect of music on patients' perception of pain during the procedure was measured, neither for the hysteroscopy group (57 mm vs. 52 mm) nor for the colposcopy group (32 mm vs. 32 mm). Secondary outcomes were also similar for both groups.

Conclusions: This study showed no positive effect of music on patients' level of pain, anxiety or satisfaction of patient or doctor for office hysteroscopy and colposcopy. We believe a multimodal approach has to be used to decrease patient distress in terms of pain and anxiety, with or without music.

Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register, NTR4924.

Keywords: Anxiety; Colposcopy; Hysteroscopy; Music; Office procedures; Pain.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The trial was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Study number 2014–28). The committee determined that this study did not belong to the scope of the medical research involving human subjects act.

Consent for publication

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Hysteroscopy: flow chart patient inclusion
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Colposcopy: flow chart patient inclusion

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