Device-guided slow-paced respiration for menopausal hot flushes: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of device-guided slow-paced respiration for reducing the frequency and severity of menopausal hot flushes.

Methods: Perimenopausal or postmenopausal women reporting four or more hot flushes per day were recruited into a parallel-group, randomized trial of slow-paced respiration using a portable guided-breathing device. Women were randomly assigned to use a standard device to practice slowing their resting breathing rate to less than 10 breaths per minute for at least 15 minutes everyday or use an identical-appearing control device programmed to play relaxing nonrhythmic music while monitoring spontaneous breathing. The primary outcome, change in hot flush frequency over 12 weeks, was assessed using data from validated 7-day diaries abstracted by blinded analysts.

Results: Among the 123 participants, mean age was 53.4 (±3.4) years. Women reported an average of 8.5 (±3.5) hot flushes per day at baseline. After 12 weeks, women randomized to paced respiration (n=61) reported an average reduction of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-2.6) hot flushes per day (-21%) compared with 3.0 (95% CI 2.1-3.8) hot flushes per day (-35%) in the music-listening group (n=62) (P=.048). Paced respiration was associated with a 19% decrease in frequency of moderate-to-severe hot flushes compared with a 44% decrease with music listening (P=.02).

Conclusion: In this randomized trial, women assigned to device-guided slow-paced respiration reported modest improvements in the frequency and severity of their hot flushes, but the paced respiration intervention was significantly less effective than a music-listening intervention in decreasing the frequency and severity of these symptoms.

Level of evidence: I.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01466998.

Figures

Figure 1

Recruitment, randomization, and retention in the Menopausal Treatment Using Relaxation Exercises trial. *Analysis included patients lost to follow-up and those who discontinued the intervention early.