The influence of aerobic fitness status on ventilatory efficiency in patients with coronary artery disease

Danilo M L Prado, Enéas A Rocco, Alexandre G Silva, Priscila F Silva, Jaqueline M Lazzari, Gabriela L Assumpção, Sheyla B Thies, Claudia Y Suzaki, Raphael S Puig, Valter Furlan, Danilo M L Prado, Enéas A Rocco, Alexandre G Silva, Priscila F Silva, Jaqueline M Lazzari, Gabriela L Assumpção, Sheyla B Thies, Claudia Y Suzaki, Raphael S Puig, Valter Furlan

Abstract

Objective: To test the hypotheses that 1) coronary artery disease patients with lower aerobic fitness exhibit a lower ventilatory efficiency and 2) coronary artery disease patients with lower initial aerobic fitness exhibit greater improvements in ventilatory efficiency with aerobic exercise training.

Method: A total of 123 patients (61.0±0.7 years) with coronary artery disease were divided according to aerobic fitness status into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 34, peak VO₂<17.5 ml/kg/min), group 2 (n = 67, peak VO₂>17.5 and <24.5 ml/kg/min) and group 3 (n = 22, peak VO₂>24.5 ml/kg/min). All patients performed a cardiorespiratory exercise test on a treadmill. Ventilatory efficiency was determined by the lowest VE/VCO₂ ratio observed. The exercise training program comprised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise performed 3 times per week for 3 months. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02106533 RESULTS: Before intervention, group 1 exhibited both lower peak VO2 and lower ventilatory efficiency compared with the other 2 groups (p<0.05). After the exercise training program, group 1 exhibited greater improvements in aerobic fitness and ventilatory efficiency compared with the 2 other groups (group 1: ▵ = -2.5±0.5 units; group 2: ▵ = -0.8±0.3 units; and group 3: ▵ = -1.4±0.6 units, respectively; p<0.05).

Conclusions: Coronary artery disease patients with lower aerobic fitness status exhibited lower ventilatory efficiency during a graded exercise test. In addition, after 3 months of aerobic exercise training, only the patients with initially lower levels of aerobic fitness exhibited greater improvements in ventilatory efficiency.

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Absolute changes in aerobic fitness (Panel A) and ventilatory efficiency (Panel B) in CAD patients who underwent aerobic exercise training. Peak VO2, peak oxygen consumption; * p<0.05 vs. group 1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The change in PeTCO2 from rest to the highest value during exercise in CAD patients who underwent aerobic exercise training; * p<0.05 pre-intervention; # p<0.05 vs. group 1.

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