Changes in Prevalence of Health Care-Associated Infections in U.S. Hospitals
Shelley S Magill, Erin O'Leary, Sarah J Janelle, Deborah L Thompson, Ghinwa Dumyati, Joelle Nadle, Lucy E Wilson, Marion A Kainer, Ruth Lynfield, Samantha Greissman, Susan M Ray, Zintars Beldavs, Cindy Gross, Wendy Bamberg, Marla Sievers, Cathleen Concannon, Nicolai Buhr, Linn Warnke, Meghan Maloney, Valerie Ocampo, Janet Brooks, Tolulope Oyewumi, Shamima Sharmin, Katherine Richards, Jean Rainbow, Monika Samper, Emily B Hancock, Denise Leaptrot, Eileen Scalise, Farzana Badrun, Ruby Phelps, Jonathan R Edwards, Emerging Infections Program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team, Deborah Godine, Linda Frank, Lauren Pasutti, Erin Parker, Brittany Martin, Karen Click, Helen Johnston, Sarabeth Friedman, Annika Jones, Tabetha Kosmicki, James Meek, Richard Melchreit, James Fisher, Amber Maslar, Katherine Allen-Bridson, Angela Anttila, Henrietta Smith, Anthony Fiore, Susan L Morabit, Lewis Perry, Scott K Fridkin, Elisabeth Vaeth, Rebecca Perlmutter, Jane Harper, Annastasia Gross, Nabeelah Rahmathullah, Brittany Von Bank, Lourdes M Irizarry, Joan Baumbach, Gail Quinlan, Anita Gellert, Alexia Zhang, Patricia Lawson, Raphaelle H Beard, Vicky P Reed, Daniel Muleta, Shelley S Magill, Erin O'Leary, Sarah J Janelle, Deborah L Thompson, Ghinwa Dumyati, Joelle Nadle, Lucy E Wilson, Marion A Kainer, Ruth Lynfield, Samantha Greissman, Susan M Ray, Zintars Beldavs, Cindy Gross, Wendy Bamberg, Marla Sievers, Cathleen Concannon, Nicolai Buhr, Linn Warnke, Meghan Maloney, Valerie Ocampo, Janet Brooks, Tolulope Oyewumi, Shamima Sharmin, Katherine Richards, Jean Rainbow, Monika Samper, Emily B Hancock, Denise Leaptrot, Eileen Scalise, Farzana Badrun, Ruby Phelps, Jonathan R Edwards, Emerging Infections Program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team, Deborah Godine, Linda Frank, Lauren Pasutti, Erin Parker, Brittany Martin, Karen Click, Helen Johnston, Sarabeth Friedman, Annika Jones, Tabetha Kosmicki, James Meek, Richard Melchreit, James Fisher, Amber Maslar, Katherine Allen-Bridson, Angela Anttila, Henrietta Smith, Anthony Fiore, Susan L Morabit, Lewis Perry, Scott K Fridkin, Elisabeth Vaeth, Rebecca Perlmutter, Jane Harper, Annastasia Gross, Nabeelah Rahmathullah, Brittany Von Bank, Lourdes M Irizarry, Joan Baumbach, Gail Quinlan, Anita Gellert, Alexia Zhang, Patricia Lawson, Raphaelle H Beard, Vicky P Reed, Daniel Muleta
Abstract
Background: A point-prevalence survey that was conducted in the United States in 2011 showed that 4% of hospitalized patients had a health care-associated infection. We repeated the survey in 2015 to assess changes in the prevalence of health care-associated infections during a period of national attention to the prevention of such infections.
Methods: At Emerging Infections Program sites in 10 states, we recruited up to 25 hospitals in each site area, prioritizing hospitals that had participated in the 2011 survey. Each hospital selected 1 day on which a random sample of patients was identified for assessment. Trained staff reviewed medical records using the 2011 definitions of health care-associated infections. We compared the percentages of patients with health care-associated infections and performed multivariable log-binomial regression modeling to evaluate the association of survey year with the risk of health care-associated infections.
Results: In 2015, a total of 12,299 patients in 199 hospitals were surveyed, as compared with 11,282 patients in 183 hospitals in 2011. Fewer patients had health care-associated infections in 2015 (394 patients [3.2%; 95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.9 to 3.5]) than in 2011 (452 [4.0%; 95% CI, 3.7 to 4.4]) (P<0.001), largely owing to reductions in the prevalence of surgical-site and urinary tract infections. Pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections (most of which were due to Clostridium difficile [now Clostridioides difficile]), and surgical-site infections were the most common health care-associated infections. Patients' risk of having a health care-associated infection was 16% lower in 2015 than in 2011 (risk ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.95; P=0.005), after adjustment for age, presence of devices, days from admission to survey, and status of being in a large hospital.
Conclusions: The prevalence of health care-associated infections was lower in 2015 than in 2011. To continue to make progress in the prevention of such infections, prevention strategies against C. difficile infection and pneumonia should be augmented. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
Source: PubMed