Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in mainland China: a meta-analysis

Lei Liu, Xiaomei Wu, Limin Liu, Jin Geng, Zhe Yuan, Zhongyan Shan, Lei Chen, Lei Liu, Xiaomei Wu, Limin Liu, Jin Geng, Zhe Yuan, Zhongyan Shan, Lei Chen

Abstract

Background: Although diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered to be a major cause of blindness, this is the first meta-analysis to investigate the pooled prevalence of DR in mainland China.

Methodology/principal findings: We conducted a search of all English reports on population-based studies for the prevalence of DR using Medline, EMbase, Web of Science, Google (scholar), and all Chinese reports were identified manually and on-line using CBMDisc, Chongqing VIP database, and CNKI database. A meta-analysis was carried out. The fixed effects model or random effects model was used as a statistical test for homogeneity. Nineteen studies were included. The prevalence of DR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the pooled general population was 1.3% (95%CI: 0.5%-3.2%), 1.1% (95%CI: 0.6%-2.1%), and 0.1% (95%CI: 0.1%-0.3%), respectively, but was 23% (95%CI: 17.8%-29.2%), 19.1% (95%CI: 13.6%-26.3%), and 2.8% (95%CI: 1.9%-4.2%) in the diabetic group. The prevalence rate of DR in the pooled rural population was higher than that in the urban population, 1.6% (95%CI: 1.3%-2%), and the diabetic population, 29.1% (95%CI: 20.9%-38.9%). The prevalence of DR was higher in the Northern region compared with the Southern region.

Conclusions/significance: The prevalence of DR in mainland China appeared a little high, and varied according to area. NPDR was more common. This study highlights the necessity for DR screening in the rural areas of China.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. Flow chart demonstrating those studies…
Figure 1. Flow chart demonstrating those studies that were processed for inclusion in the meta-analysis.
Figure 2. A forest plot displaying the…
Figure 2. A forest plot displaying the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the population of mainland China.
Figure 3. A forest plot displaying the…
Figure 3. A forest plot displaying the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the diabetic population of mainland China.
Figure 4. A forest plot displaying the…
Figure 4. A forest plot displaying the pooled prevalence rates of NPDR and PDR (A, NPDR in general mainland China population; B, NPDR in diabetic population; C, PDR in general mainland China population; D, PDR in diabetic population).
Figure 5. A funnel plot of studies…
Figure 5. A funnel plot of studies conducted on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in mainland China.

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