Weight Loss Experiences of African American, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic White Men and Women with Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Trial
Delia Smith West, Gareth Dutton, Linda M Delahanty, Helen P Hazuda, Amy D Rickman, William C Knowler, Mara Z Vitolins, Rebecca H Neiberg, Anne Peters, Molly Gee, Maria Cassidy Begay, Look AHEAD Research Group, Delia Smith West, Gareth Dutton, Linda M Delahanty, Helen P Hazuda, Amy D Rickman, William C Knowler, Mara Z Vitolins, Rebecca H Neiberg, Anne Peters, Molly Gee, Maria Cassidy Begay, Look AHEAD Research Group
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize weight loss, treatment engagement, and weight control strategies utilized by African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white participants in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Intensive Lifestyle Intervention by racial/ethnic and sex subgroups.
Methods: Weight losses at 1, 4, and 8 years among 2,361 adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes randomized to intervention (31% minority; 42% men) are reported by subgroup. Multivariable models within subgroups examine relative contributions of treatment engagement variables and self-reported weight control behaviors.
Results: All subgroups averaged weight losses ≥ 5% in year 1 but experienced regain; losses ≥ 5% were sustained at year 8 by non-Hispanic white participants and minority women (but not men). Session attendance was high (≥ 86%) in year 1 and exceeded protocol-specified minimum levels into year 8. Individual session attendance had stronger associations with weight loss among Hispanic and African American participants than non-Hispanic white participants at 4 years (P = 0.04) and 8 years (P = 0.001). Daily self-weighing uptake was considerable in all subgroups and was a prominent factor associated with year 1 weight loss among African American men and women. Greater meal replacement use was strongly associated with poorer 1-year weight losses among African American women.
Conclusions: Experiences of minority men and women with diabetes in lifestyle interventions fill important gaps in the literature that can inform treatment delivery.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00017953.
© 2019 The Obesity Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Source: PubMed