The Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised, Second Edition (MIQ-RS) Is a Reliable and Valid Tool for Evaluating Motor Imagery in Stroke Populations

Andrew J Butler, Jennifer Cazeaux, Anna Fidler, Jessica Jansen, Nehama Lefkove, Melanie Gregg, Craig Hall, Kirk A Easley, Neeta Shenvi, Steven L Wolf, Andrew J Butler, Jennifer Cazeaux, Anna Fidler, Jessica Jansen, Nehama Lefkove, Melanie Gregg, Craig Hall, Kirk A Easley, Neeta Shenvi, Steven L Wolf

Abstract

Mental imagery can improve motor performance in stroke populations when combined with physical therapy. Valid and reliable instruments to evaluate the imagery ability of stroke survivors are needed to maximize the benefits of mental imagery therapy. The purposes of this study were to: examine and compare the test-retest intra-rate reliability of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised, Second Edition (MIQ-RS) in stroke survivors and able-bodied controls, examine internal consistency of the visual and kinesthetic items of the MIQ-RS, determine if the MIQ-RS includes both the visual and kinesthetic dimensions of mental imagery, correlate impairment and motor imagery scores, and investigate the criterion validity of the MIQ-RS in stroke survivors by comparing the results to the KVIQ-10. Test-retest analysis indicated good levels of reliability (ICC range: .83-.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach α: .95-.98) of the visual and kinesthetic subscales in both groups. The two-factor structure of the MIQ-RS was supported by factor analysis, with the visual and kinesthetic components accounting for 88.6% and 83.4% of the total variance in the able-bodied and stroke groups, respectively. The MIQ-RS is a valid and reliable instrument in the stroke population examined and able-bodied populations and therefore useful as an outcome measure for motor imagery ability.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Consort diagram; flow of participants through each stage of the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bland-Altman plots illustrating the agreement of kinesthetic and visual scores of the MIQ-RS between sessions for individual participants. (a) kinesthetic agreement in the able-bodied group; (b) Visual agreement in the able-bodied group; (c) kinesthetic agreement in the stroke group; (d) Visual agreement in the stroke group. Horizontal lines are drawn at the mean difference, and at the limits of agreement, which are defined as the mean difference plus and minus 1.96 times the standard deviation of the differences.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) between MIQ-RS and KVIQ-10. (a) kinesthetic scores in able-bodied group; (b): kinesthetic scores in stroke group; (c): visual scores in able-bodied group; (d): visual scores in stroke group.

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