Toxicity assessment and analgesic activity investigation of aqueous acetone extracts of Sida acuta Burn f . and Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae), medicinal plants of Burkina Faso

Kiessoun Konaté, Imaël Henri Nestor Bassolé, Adama Hilou, Raïssa R R Aworet-Samseny, Alain Souza, Nicolas Barro, Mamoudou H Dicko, Jacques Y Datté, Bertrand M'Batchi, Kiessoun Konaté, Imaël Henri Nestor Bassolé, Adama Hilou, Raïssa R R Aworet-Samseny, Alain Souza, Nicolas Barro, Mamoudou H Dicko, Jacques Y Datté, Bertrand M'Batchi

Abstract

Background: Sida acuta Burn f. and Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae) are traditionally used in Burkina Faso to treat several ailments, mainly pains, including abdominal infections and associated diseases. Despite the extensive use of these plants in traditional health care, literature provides little information regarding their toxicity and the pharmacology. This work was therefore designed to investigate the toxicological effects of aqueous acetone extracts of Sida acuta Burn f. and Sida cordifolia L. Furthermore, their analgesic capacity was assessed, in order to assess the efficiency of the traditional use of these two medicinal plants from Burkina Faso.

Method: For acute toxicity test, mice were injected different doses of each extract by intraperitoneal route and the LD50 values were determined. For the subchronic toxicity evaluation, Wistar albinos rats were treated by gavage during 28 days at different doses of aqueous acetone extracts and then haematological and biochemical parameters were determined. The analgesic effect was evaluated in mice by the acetic-acid writhing test and by the formalin test.

Results: For the acute toxicity test, the LD50 values of 3.2 g/kg and 3.4 g/kg respectively for S. acuta Burn f. and S. cordifolia L. were obtained. Concerning the haematological and biochemical parameters, data varied widely (increase or decrease) according to dose of extracts and weight of rats and did not show clinical correlations. The extracts have produced significant analgesic effects by the acetic acid writhing test and by the hot plate method (p <0.05) and a dose-dependent inhibition was observed.

Conclusion: The overall results of this study may justify the traditional uses of S. acuta and S. cordifolia .

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida acuta on body weights (g) of Wistar rats with the time of treatment. Values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6 in each group) one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t- test: Compare all vs. control: p>0.05, *p <0.05, **p <0.01 compared with control. Group 1: control, rats received 10% DMSO. Group 2: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (75 mg/kg body weight). Group 3: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (100 mg/kg body weight). Group 4: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (200 mg/kg body weight).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida cordifolia  on body weights (g) of Wistar rats with the time of treatment. Values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6 in each group) one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t- test: Compare all vs. control: p>0.05, *p <0.05, **p <0.01 compared with control. Group 1: control, rats received 10% DMSO. Group 2: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (75 mg/kg body weight). Group 3: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (100 mg/kg body weight). Group 4: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (200 mg/kg body weight).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida acuta on relative organ weights (g) of rats. Values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6 in each group) one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t- test: Compare all vs. control: p>0.05, *p <0.05, **p <0.01 compared with control. Group 1: control, rats received 10% DMSO. Group 2: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (75 mg/kg body weight). Group 3: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (100 mg/kg body weight). Group 4: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (200 mg/kg body weight).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida cordifolia  on relative organ weights (g) of rats. Values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6 in each group) one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t- test: Compare all vs. control: p>0.05, *p <0.05, **p <0.01 compared with control. Group 1: control, rats received 10% DMSO. Group 2: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (75 mg/kg body weight). Group 3: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (100 mg/kg body weight). Group 4: rats received 10% DMSO with extract (200 mg/kg body weight).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida acuta  on writhing-induced by acetic acid. Values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6 in each group) one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t- test: Compare all vs. control: *p <0.05 compared with control.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of Aqueous Acetone Extract of  Sida cordifolia  on writhing-induced by acetic acid. Values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6 in each group) one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t- test: Compare all vs. control: *p <0.05 compared with control.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida cordifolia  on licking the hind paw-induced by formalin injection. Values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6 in each group) one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t- test: Compare all vs. control: p <0.01.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida acuta  on licking the hind paw-induced by formalin injection. Values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6 in each group) one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t- test: Compare all vs. control: p <0.01.

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