Samba, deep water, and poles: a framework for exercise prescription in Parkinson's disease

Leonardo A Peyré-Tartaruga, Flávia G Martinez, Ana Paula J Zanardi, Marcela Zimmermann Casal, Rebeca Gimenes Donida, Marcela S Delabary, Elren Passos-Monteiro, Marcelo Coertjens, Aline N Haas, Leonardo A Peyré-Tartaruga, Flávia G Martinez, Ana Paula J Zanardi, Marcela Zimmermann Casal, Rebeca Gimenes Donida, Marcela S Delabary, Elren Passos-Monteiro, Marcelo Coertjens, Aline N Haas

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a brain disorder that leads to tremor, slowness, muscle stiffness, and other movement disorders. The benefits of exercise for reducing disability in individuals with Parkinson's disease are numerous. However, not much is known about the designing and prescription of exercise in neurodegenerative diseases. A brief review and indications for exercise prescription and evaluation are discussed throughout. In this scoping review, we specifically aimed to describe the applicability of walking tests (6-min/10-m) for the prescription of exercise in individuals with Parkinson's disease and to propose training (undulating periodized) designs in three exercise modalities, Brazilian dance rhythms (Samba and Forró), deep-water exercises, and Nordic walking. These training models and evaluation methods may assist coaches and therapists in organizing exercise programs adequate to people with Parkinson's disease, and are essential steps toward a comprehensive and more detailed understanding of the training loads in motor disorders and disease states.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11332-022-00894-4.

Keywords: Aquatic exercises; Dance therapy; Nordic walking; Parkinsonian disorders; Rehabilitation; Training and evaluation protocols.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2022.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A framework for conceptualizing the top-down effects of Parkinson’s disease on reduced functional mobility. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic loss and degeneration and thalamic circuitry impaired result in the cardinal motor symptoms (bradykinesia, tremor, freezing, and postural instability), which in turn imply a low overall efficiency caused by cellular and metabolic alterations (muscle efficiency) and intersegmental coordination and mechanical production impairments that negatively impacts the functional mobility in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The three training programs included in the research and training project (PPT-PARKINSON). The deep-water exercises program is in the superior panel, the Brazilian dance program is in the middle panel, and the Nordic walking program is in the inferior panel
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The training volume (A1, A2, and A3; left vertical scale) is in meters, and intensity (red line, right vertical scale) is the category ratings during 22 training sessions. For the intensity, the number 1 represents comfortable, 2 comfortable and intermediate, 2.5 intermediate and fast, 3 comfortable, intermediate and fast, 3.5 intermediate and fast, and 4 comfortable, intermediate, fast and jog as shown at the first column of Table 2. The individuals included in the Group A1 are those who walk at 50% of the 6MWT (coefficient lower than .85), A2: those who walk at 70% of the 6MWT (coefficient between .86 and 1.2) and A3: those walking at 100% of the 6MWT (coefficient above 1.2) in the fifth session

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