- ICH GCP
- Yhdysvaltain kliinisten tutkimusten rekisteri
- Kliininen tutkimus NCT03423615
Lay Fieldworker Led School Health Program for Rural Primary Schools (CHHIP)
Lay Fieldworker Led Comprehensive School Health Program for Rural Primary Schools in India
School-aged children in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) face significant challenges to their health and development which contribute to poor academic achievement. Multi-component comprehensive school health programs guided by the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework have been shown to positively impact health outcomes. Such programs are implemented widely throughout the world. However, in LMIC the scope and reach of school health programs are limited by human resource constraints. A key challenge to effective implementation has been the identification of effective delivery agents.
A potential alternative approach is to leverage existing community members as lay fieldworkers for the delivery of school health promotion. Our hypothesis is that lay-fieldworkers can effectively implement comprehensive school health programs in resource-constrained primary schools. This hypothesis will be tested by retrospectively analyzing data obtained during a 5-year pilot of a school health program (CHHIP) in rural primary schools of the Darjeeling Himalayas of India.
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Ehdot
Interventio / Hoito
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
The Comprehensive Health and Hygiene Improvement Program (CHHIP) is an intense multi-component comprehensive school health program. The content of the program is structured around three reinforcing components: 1) health education, 2) basic primary health services, and 3) a healthy school environment. This holistic approach is based on the WHO's Health Promoting Schools framework and designed in accordance with the Indian National Rural Health Mission's operational guidelines for the school health programme. Delivery of the program is led by lay fieldworkers termed School Health Activists (SHAs). SHAs are existing community members without formal background or certification. The SHAs serve as the primary delivery agent for all components of the program.
From 2012 to 2016, the CHHIP program was implemented by Darjeeling Prerna, an Indian non-governmental organization, in the rural Darjeeling Himalayas, a region of the state of West Bengal in India. The program was implemented in both low-cost private and government primary schools. A convenience sample of 22 primary schools (13 government and 9 low-cost private) was chosen by the project team. Program implementation occurred in 16 schools and was led by 4 lay fieldworkers. The intervention was implemented as a community development program with a rigorous evaluation component and all data was collected prospectively. This research study was added post-hoc with data transmitted to the research team prior to any analysis.
The study is designed as a mixed methods stepped-wedge cluster controlled evaluation. A primary school will be a cluster and each step in the study will be a single academic year. In accordance with guidelines for the design and evaluation of complex evaluations, this study will couple process evaluation with that of definitive impact. The intervention will be evaluated across three domains: outcomes, implementation, and mechanism of impact.
The primary impact outcome will be the incidence of diarrheal illness as assessed by 14-day parental recall. A secondary outcome, health knowledge as assessed by pre and post-test, will be utilized as a key mediator to assess for differential impact on mechanisms of impact. Statistical analysis will be carried out as a comparison between the intervention and control arms within the context of the stepped-wedge framework. The analysis will be based on individual student-level data, with the unit of assignment (schools) included as a cluster effect in the regression analysis. Exposures of interest will be explored for association with the outcome in univariate analyses. Diarrheal incidence rate ratios will be calculated via multivariable Poisson regression analysis and mean difference in health knowledge post-test scores will be obtained using a multivariable linear mixed model. All P-values will be 2-tailed and significance will be set at P<0.05.
To study implementation, process outcomes will be obtained via a series of descriptive analysis. Coverage rates for individual health interventions and performance evaluations scores expressed as means and standard deviations will be obtained. In consultation with the project team, the research study team will define benchmarks for reach and fidelity, prior to analysis of data.
Qualitative data will be integrated with quantitative data via a process of triangulation. This data was obtained from parents and teachers in focus groups and lay fieldworkers in semi-structured interviews. Coding and analysis of the qualitative data will begin with a deductive coding method. Common themes, including important contrary opinions, will be identified and illustrative quotes will be selected.
All quantitative analysis will be done in SPSS and qualitative analysis completed in CATMA. The reporting and presentation of this trial will be in accordance with the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND) guidelines.
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Todellinen)
Vaihe
- Ei sovellettavissa
Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Sukupuolet, jotka voivat opiskella
Kuvaus
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Terveyspalvelututkimus
- Jako: Ei satunnaistettu
- Inventiomalli: Crossover-tehtävä
- Naamiointi: Ei mitään (avoin tarra)
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
---|---|
Kokeellinen: CHHIP Arm
All enrolled students in schools in the CHHIP Arm were eligible to receive the CHHIP intervention. The CHHIP intervention was delivered by lay fieldworkers (SHAs). Intervention activities included:
|
CHHIP is an intense, multi-component holistic school health program based on the WHO Health Promoting School framework and designed for implementation by lay fieldworkers.
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Ei väliintuloa: Comparison Arm
All enrolled students in schools in the Comparison Arm received school health activities as were routinely available in their school, through their curriculum, or through special events.
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Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
---|---|---|
Diarrhea incidence
Aikaikkuna: March, July, and November of each academic school year through the duration of the study (up to 5-years)
|
Diarrheal incidence was assessed by verbal parental recall based on previous 14-days.
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March, July, and November of each academic school year through the duration of the study (up to 5-years)
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Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
---|---|---|
Health Knowledge
Aikaikkuna: Baseline and week 32 of each academic year through the duration of the study (up to 5-years)
|
Health knowledge was assessed by an internally created written health knowledge test
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Baseline and week 32 of each academic year through the duration of the study (up to 5-years)
|
Muut tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
---|---|---|
Coverage rates
Aikaikkuna: At the time of intervention delivery
|
Coverage rates for selected health interventions will be assessed as the proportion of eligible students receiving the intervention.
|
At the time of intervention delivery
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Fidelity
Aikaikkuna: At the time of intervention delivery
|
Fidelity was assessed by performance assessment scores of SHA service delivery based on standardized rubrics.
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At the time of intervention delivery
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Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Sponsori
Tutkijat
- Päätutkija: Michael Matergia, MD, Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
Julkaisuja ja hyödyllisiä linkkejä
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Todellinen)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Opintojen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
Lisää tietoa
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Muita asiaankuuluvia MeSH-ehtoja
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Kliiniset tutkimukset Comprehensive Health & Hygiene Improvement Program (CHHIP)
-
The Miriam HospitalBrown UniversityTuntematon