Intravenous and Perineural Dexamethasone for Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Blocks
A Randomized Comparison Between Intravenous and Perineural Dexamethasone for Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Blocks
Dexamethasone prolong the duration of brachial plexus blocks, but the optimal route, intravenous (IV) or perineural (PN), remains controversial.
This Multi-centric trial compare IV and PN dexamethasone for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus blocks (AXBs). Research hypothesis is that PN modality will outlast its IV counterpart. Since analgesic duration and sensory duration can be influenced by intake of pain medications and surgical trauma to small cutaneous nerves, the investigators will select motor block duration as the main outcome.
Aperçu de l'étude
Statut
Les conditions
Description détaillée
After Ethics Committee of the McGill University Health Centre, a total of 150 patients undergoing upper extremity surgery (below the elbow) will be recruited.
All AXBs will be supervised by one of the coauthors and conducted preoperatively in an induction room. This area will have full access to an oxygen source, resuscitative equipment and drugs.
All patients will have fasted for at least eight hours. An IV cannula will be placed prior the block and will be monitored and given oxygen at 2-4 L/min through nasal cannulas.
Light sedation will be provided for patient comfort if needed.Patients will be placed supine with the shoulder abducted and the elbow flexed. The AXB will have a puncture site superior to the axillary artery. After skin disinfection and draping, a skin wheal will be raised with 3 mL of lidocaine 1.5%.
In both groups, 30 mL of lidocaine 1.0%-bupivacaine 0.25% with epinephrine 5 µ/mL will be used. A 22-gauge, 5 cm block will be advanced under direct US vision toward the musculocutaneous nerve. Six mL of LA will be deposited in this location. The needle will then be directed posterior to the artery, at 6 o'clock position and twenty-four mL of LA will be deposited to obtain a spread around the artery.
Patients will be randomized to receive 8 mg of IV or PN dexamethasone. In the IV group, patients will receive 0.8 mL of dexamethasone (10 mg/mL) intravenously and 0.8 mL of normal saline will be added to the injectate through the block needle. In the PN group, patients will receive 0.8 mL of normal saline intravenously and 0.8 mL of dexamethasone (10 mg/mL) will be added to the injectate through the block needle.
A research assistant will prepare the IV and PN injectates. The operator, patient and investigator assessing the block will be blinded to group allocation.
If placement of the needle tip in the desired location is unsuccessful after 15 minutes, the procedure will be stopped and the patient excluded from the study. Brachial plexus blockade will be carried out using an alternative method. If the alternative method fails as well, the patient will be given general anesthesia and intravenous narcotics will be used for postoperative analgesia
Type d'étude
Inscription (Réel)
Phase
- Phase 2
- Phase 3
Contacts et emplacements
Critères de participation
Critère d'éligibilité
Âges éligibles pour étudier
Accepte les volontaires sains
Sexes éligibles pour l'étude
La description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Below Elbow surgery
- Age between 18 and 80 years
- American Society of Anesthesiologists classification 1-3
- Body mass index between 18 and 35 kg/m2
Exclusion Criteria:
- Adults who are unable to give their own consent
- Pre-existing neuropathy (assessed by history and physical examination)
- Coagulopathy (assessed by history and physical examination and, if deemed clinically necessary, by blood work up i.e. platelets ≤ 100, International Normalized Ratio ≥ 1.4 or partial prothrombin time ≥ 50)
- Renal failure (assessed by history and physical examination and, if deemed clinically necessary, by blood work up i.e. creatinine ≥ 100)
- Hepatic failure (assessed by history and physical examination and, if deemed clinically necessary, by blood work up i.e. transaminases ≥ 100)
- Allergy to local anesthetics (LAs)
- Pregnancy
- Prior surgery in the axillary region
- Chronic pain syndromes requiring opioid intake at home
Plan d'étude
Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?
Détails de conception
- Objectif principal: Soins de soutien
- Répartition: Randomisé
- Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
- Masquage: Tripler
Armes et Interventions
Groupe de participants / Bras |
Intervention / Traitement |
|---|---|
|
Comparateur actif: Intravenous dexamethasone 8 mg
patients receiving intravenous 8 mg of dexamethasone in parallel to ultrasound guided axillary nerve block with a standardized local anesthetic solution
|
|
|
Comparateur actif: Perineural dexamethasone 8 mg
patient receiving perineural 8 mg of dexamethasone in a mixture with a standardized local anesthetic solution for ultrasound guided axillary block
|
Que mesure l'étude ?
Principaux critères de jugement
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
|
Motor block duration
Délai: 24 hours
|
Duration of the motor block (defined as the temporal interval between the end of LA injection through the block needle and the return of movement to the hand and fingers).
Patient is contacted at the next day of the surgery and asked about the time when the motor block started to disappear.
|
24 hours
|
Mesures de résultats secondaires
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
|
duration of the sensory block
Délai: 24 hours
|
defined as the temporal interval between the end of LA injection through the block needle and the return of sensation to the hand and fingers
|
24 hours
|
|
Analgesia duration
Délai: 24 hours
|
defined as the temporal interval between the end of LA injection through the block needle and the appearance of pain at the surgical site
|
24 hours
|
|
Onset time
Délai: 30 minutes
|
Time required to reach a minimal score of 14 points of a total of 16. Sensory blockade will be graded according to a 3-point scale using a cold test: 0 = no block, 1 = analgesia (patient can feel touch, not cold), 2 = anesthesia (patient cannot fee touch). The cold test will be applied with light touch to avoid confusion with deep pressure sensation. Motor blockade will also be graded on a 3-point scale: 0 = no block, 1 = paresis, 2 = paralysis (19). Motor blockade of the musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves will be evaluated by elbow flexion (musculocutaneous), thumb abduction (radial), thumb opposition (median) and thumb adduction (ulnar). |
30 minutes
|
|
Success rate
Délai: 30-60 minutes
|
Ability to proceed with surgery without the need for intravenous narcotics, general anesthesia, rescue blocks or LA infiltration by the surgeon.
Just propofol based sedation (25-80 μg/kg/min) will be permitted if necessary, keeping always response to verbal stimulus.
|
30-60 minutes
|
Autres mesures de résultats
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
|
Demographic data
Délai: 30 minutes
|
sex, age, weight, height, type of surgery
|
30 minutes
|
|
Side effects
Délai: 30-60 minutes
|
vascular puncture, hematoma at the site of puncture, toxic effects of LA
|
30-60 minutes
|
|
Persistent deficit
Délai: 7 days
|
All patients will be contacted after 7 days by a blinded observer asking about persistent sensory or motor deficit in relation with the blocked nerves.
|
7 days
|
Collaborateurs et enquêteurs
Parrainer
Les enquêteurs
- Chercheur principal: De QH Tran, MD, FRCPC, Associate Professor
Publications et liens utiles
Publications générales
- Tran DQ, Bertini P, Zaouter C, Munoz L, Finlayson RJ. A prospective, randomized comparison between single- and double-injection ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 Jan-Feb;35(1):16-21. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181c7717c.
- Abdallah FW, Johnson J, Chan V, Murgatroyd H, Ghafari M, Ami N, Jin R, Brull R. Intravenous dexamethasone and perineural dexamethasone similarly prolong the duration of analgesia after supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a randomized, triple-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 Mar-Apr;40(2):125-32. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000210. Erratum In: Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 Jul-Aug;40(4):398.
- Desmet M, Braems H, Reynvoet M, Plasschaert S, Van Cauwelaert J, Pottel H, Carlier S, Missant C, Van de Velde M. I.V. and perineural dexamethasone are equivalent in increasing the analgesic duration of a single-shot interscalene block with ropivacaine for shoulder surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Sep;111(3):445-52. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet109. Epub 2013 Apr 15.
- Kawanishi R, Yamamoto K, Tobetto Y, Nomura K, Kato M, Go R, Tsutsumi YM, Tanaka K, Takeda Y. Perineural but not systemic low-dose dexamethasone prolongs the duration of interscalene block with ropivacaine: a prospective randomized trial. Local Reg Anesth. 2014 Apr 5;7:5-9. doi: 10.2147/LRA.S59158. eCollection 2014.
- Persec J, Persec Z, Kopljar M, Zupcic M, Sakic L, Zrinjscak IK, Marinic DK. Low-dose dexamethasone with levobupivacaine improves analgesia after supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade. Int Orthop. 2014 Jan;38(1):101-5. doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2094-z. Epub 2013 Sep 6.
- Vieira PA, Pulai I, Tsao GC, Manikantan P, Keller B, Connelly NR. Dexamethasone with bupivacaine increases duration of analgesia in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus blockade. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010 Mar;27(3):285-8. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e3283350c38.
- Tandoc MN, Fan L, Kolesnikov S, Kruglov A, Nader ND. Adjuvant dexamethasone with bupivacaine prolongs the duration of interscalene block: a prospective randomized trial. J Anesth. 2011 Oct;25(5):704-9. doi: 10.1007/s00540-011-1180-x. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
- Cummings KC 3rd, Napierkowski DE, Parra-Sanchez I, Kurz A, Dalton JE, Brems JJ, Sessler DI. Effect of dexamethasone on the duration of interscalene nerve blocks with ropivacaine or bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Sep;107(3):446-53. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer159. Epub 2011 Jun 14.
- Shrestha BR, Maharjan SK, Tabedar S. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block with and without dexamethasone - a comparative study. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2003 Jul-Sep;1(3):158-60.
- Yadav RK, Sah BP, Kumar P, Singh SN. Effectiveness of addition of neostigmine or dexamethasone to local anaesthetic in providing perioperative analgesia for brachial plexus block: A prospective, randomized, double blinded, controlled study. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2008 Jul-Sep;6(23):302-9. doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i3.1704.
- Parrington SJ, O'Donnell D, Chan VW, Brown-Shreves D, Subramanyam R, Qu M, Brull R. Dexamethasone added to mepivacaine prolongs the duration of analgesia after supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;35(5):422-6. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181e85eb9.
- Biradar PA, Kaimar P, Gopalakrishna K. Effect of dexamethasone added to lidocaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study. Indian J Anaesth. 2013 Mar;57(2):180-4. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.111850.
- Movafegh A, Razazian M, Hajimaohamadi F, Meysamie A. Dexamethasone added to lidocaine prolongs axillary brachial plexus blockade. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jan;102(1):263-7. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000189055.06729.0a.
- Yaghoobi S, Seddighi M, Yazdi Z, Ghafouri R, Khezri MB. Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Dexamethasone and Fentanyl Added to Lidocaine through Axillary Block in Forearm Fracture. Pain Res Treat. 2013;2013:761583. doi: 10.1155/2013/761583. Epub 2013 Dec 29.
- Gonzalez AP, Bernucci F, Pham K, Correa JA, Finlayson RJ, Tran DQ. Minimum effective volume of lidocaine for double-injection ultrasound-guided axillary block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Jan-Feb;38(1):16-20. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3182707176.
- Aliste J, Leurcharusmee P, Engsusophon P, Gordon A, Michelagnoli G, Sriparkdee C, Tiyaprasertkul W, Tran DQ, Van Zundert TC, Finlayson RJ, Tran DQH. A randomized comparison between intravenous and perineural dexamethasone for ultrasound-guided axillary block. Can J Anaesth. 2017 Jan;64(1):29-36. doi: 10.1007/s12630-016-0741-8. Epub 2016 Sep 23.
Dates d'enregistrement des études
Dates principales de l'étude
Début de l'étude
Achèvement primaire (Réel)
Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)
Dates d'inscription aux études
Première soumission
Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Première publication (Estimation)
Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude
Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)
Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Dernière vérification
Plus d'information
Termes liés à cette étude
Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires
- Effets physiologiques des médicaments
- Mécanismes moléculaires de l'action pharmacologique
- Agents autonomes
- Agents du système nerveux périphérique
- Inhibiteurs d'enzymes
- Agents anti-inflammatoires
- Agents antinéoplasiques
- Antiémétiques
- Agents gastro-intestinaux
- Glucocorticoïdes
- Les hormones
- Hormones, substituts hormonaux et antagonistes hormonaux
- Agents antinéoplasiques, hormonaux
- Inhibiteurs de protéase
- Dexaméthasone
- Acétate de dexaméthasone
- BB 1101
- Solutions pharmaceutiques
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
- MontrealGH
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