A Pilot Study of Associations Between Visceral Fat, IL-6, and Urinary F2-Isoprostanes in Older Adults Exposed to a Diet Intervention

Sarah E Hoover, Dora Il'yasova, Kevin R Fontaine, Ivan Spasojevic, Barbara A Gower, Amy M Goss, Sarah E Hoover, Dora Il'yasova, Kevin R Fontaine, Ivan Spasojevic, Barbara A Gower, Amy M Goss

Abstract

Background: Short-term markers of successful visceral adipose tissue (VAT) loss are needed. Urinary F2-isoprostanes might serve as a marker for intensified lipid metabolism, whereas circulating IL-6 might stimulate fat oxidation and enhance mobilization of VAT.

Objectives: This pilot study was designed to explore the hypotheses that 1) reduction in VAT is associated with increase in IL-6, and 2) that increases in urinary F2-isoprostanes are associated with increases in IL-6 and reduction in VAT.

Methods: Eighteen participants (aged 60-75 y, BMI 30-40 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either a very-low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD; <10:25:>65% energy from carbohydrate:protein:fat) or a low-fat diet (LFD; 55:25:20%) for 8 wk. Changes in fat distribution were assessed by MRI. Four urinary F2-isoprostane isomers were quantified in 24-h urine collection using LC-MS/MS analyses. Changes in 4 F2-isoprostane isomers were summarized using factor analysis (Δ-F2-isoprostane factor). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.1.

Results: Within the VLCD group, change in VAT was inversely associated with change in IL-6 (r = -0.778, P = 0.069) and Δ-F2-isoprostane factor (r = -0.690, P = 0.086), demonstrating that participants who maintained higher concentrations of F2-isoprostane factor across the intervention showed greater decreases in VAT. A positive relation between Δ-F2-isoprostane factor and change in IL-6 was observed (r = 0.642, P = 0.062). In the LFD group, no significant associations between changes in VAT, F2-isoprostane factor, or IL-6 were observed.

Conclusions: Results from this exploratory study in older adults with obesity suggest that, in the context of a VLCD, IL-6 could be involved in VAT mobilization, and urinary F2-isoprostanes could reflect intensified oxidation of mobilized fatty acids.Trial registration: This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02760641.

Keywords: F2-isoprostanes; interleukin-6; obesity; older adults; visceral adipose tissue.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A) Linear relations and (B) simple correlations between change in IL-6 with change in VAT. LFD, low-fat diet; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; VLCD, very-low-carbohydrate diet.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Linear relations between Δ-isoprostane factor and (A) change in weight, (B) change in total fat, (C) change in VAT, and (D) change in IL-6. (E) Simple correlations of Δ-isoprostane factor with fat distribution and inflammatory markers. LFD, low-fat diet; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; VLCD, very-low-carbohydrate diet.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Proposed diet-specific underlying mechanism. VAT, visceral adipose tissue; VLCD, very-low-carbohydrate diet.

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