On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 Infection
Jean-Michel Molina, Catherine Capitant, Bruno Spire, Gilles Pialoux, Laurent Cotte, Isabelle Charreau, Cecile Tremblay, Jean-Marie Le Gall, Eric Cua, Armelle Pasquet, François Raffi, Claire Pintado, Christian Chidiac, Julie Chas, Pierre Charbonneau, Constance Delaugerre, Marie Suzan-Monti, Benedicte Loze, Julien Fonsart, Gilles Peytavin, Antoine Cheret, Julie Timsit, Gabriel Girard, Nicolas Lorente, Marie Préau, James F Rooney, Mark A Wainberg, David Thompson, Willy Rozenbaum, Veronique Doré, Lucie Marchand, Marie-Christine Simon, Nicolas Etien, Jean-Pierre Aboulker, Laurence Meyer, Jean-François Delfraissy, ANRS IPERGAY Study Group, C Pintado, B Loze, C Delaugerre, P Charbonneau, C Gatey, D Ponscarme, P Penot, L Niedbalski, R Veron, J Delgado, E Dalle, S Parlier, I Madelaine, J Fonsart, M Danet, N Mahjoub, N Mezreb, K Moudachirou, S Morel, G Conort, F Lorho, M Meunier, W Rozenbaum, J M Molina, J Chas, C Monfort, J Foucoin, B Boissavy, S Cousseau, S Huon, M Danet, A Djessima, V Berrebi, A Adda, S le Nagat, L Zarka, J Berdougo, G Pialoux, C Chidiac, N Mzoughi, F Clement, A Decouty, C Chapolard, M Godinot, C Adouard-groslafeige, J Koffi, A Pansu, A Becker, S Pailhes, F Bonnet, F Jeanblanc, C Brochier, X Teruin, S Rouby, L Gilly, L Cotte, C Beauvais, P Arlotto, C Fortin, A Talbot, A Chamberland, A McKenzie, M Blanchette, R Rousseau, K Montheuth, D Thompson, M Morin, M Wainberg, C Tremblay, C Etienne, F Tolonin, S Breaud, V Péchenot, S Bagge, T Cepitelli, P M Roger, E Rosenthal, E Cua, A Cheret, P Cornavin, S Vandamme, J Lambec, N Dumon, O Leclanche, T Huleux, R Biekre, O Robineau, H Melliez, H Bazus, A Pasquet, C Bernaud, M Besnier, B Bonnet, N Hall, M Cavellec, H Hue, L Larmet, M Colas, R Choquet, F Raffi, Jean-Michel Molina, Mark Wainberg, Benoit Trottier, Cécile Tremblay, Jean-Guy Baril, Gilles Pialoux, Laurent Cotte, Antoine Chéret, Armelle Pasquet, Eric Cua, Michel Besnier, Willy Rozenbaum, Christian Chidiac, Constance Delaugerre, Nathalie Bajos, Julie Timsit, Gilles Peytavin, Julien Fonsart, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Laurence Meyer, Jean-Pierre Aboulker, Bruno Spire, Marie Suzan-Monti, Gabriel Girard, Daniela Rojas Castro, Marie Préau, Michel Morin, David Thompson, Catherine Capitant, Lucie Marchand, Véronique Doré, Marie-Christine Simon, Isabelle Charreau, Joanne Otis, France Lert, Alpha Diallo, Séverine Gibowski, Cecile Rabian, Dominique Costagliola, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Vinhh-Kim Nguyen, Anne-Marie Taburet, Corinne Taéron, J M Le Gall, S Morel, V Pechenot, S Bagge, A Djessima Taba, M Danet, K Moudachirou, B Dos Santos, J Lambec, S Rouby, X Teruin, N Dumon, V Coquelin, P Brunet, L Gilly, T Cepitelli, R Porion, D Rojas Castro, B Spire, L Meyer, C Capitant, I Charreau, E Netzer, N Leturque, J Binesse, V Foubert, M Saouzanet, F Euphrasie, B Guillon, Y Saïdi, J P Aboulker, B Spire, M Suzan, G Cattin, B Demoulin, L Sagaon-Teyssier, N Lorente, Jean-Michel Molina, Catherine Capitant, Bruno Spire, Gilles Pialoux, Laurent Cotte, Isabelle Charreau, Cecile Tremblay, Jean-Marie Le Gall, Eric Cua, Armelle Pasquet, François Raffi, Claire Pintado, Christian Chidiac, Julie Chas, Pierre Charbonneau, Constance Delaugerre, Marie Suzan-Monti, Benedicte Loze, Julien Fonsart, Gilles Peytavin, Antoine Cheret, Julie Timsit, Gabriel Girard, Nicolas Lorente, Marie Préau, James F Rooney, Mark A Wainberg, David Thompson, Willy Rozenbaum, Veronique Doré, Lucie Marchand, Marie-Christine Simon, Nicolas Etien, Jean-Pierre Aboulker, Laurence Meyer, Jean-François Delfraissy, ANRS IPERGAY Study Group, C Pintado, B Loze, C Delaugerre, P Charbonneau, C Gatey, D Ponscarme, P Penot, L Niedbalski, R Veron, J Delgado, E Dalle, S Parlier, I Madelaine, J Fonsart, M Danet, N Mahjoub, N Mezreb, K Moudachirou, S Morel, G Conort, F Lorho, M Meunier, W Rozenbaum, J M Molina, J Chas, C Monfort, J Foucoin, B Boissavy, S Cousseau, S Huon, M Danet, A Djessima, V Berrebi, A Adda, S le Nagat, L Zarka, J Berdougo, G Pialoux, C Chidiac, N Mzoughi, F Clement, A Decouty, C Chapolard, M Godinot, C Adouard-groslafeige, J Koffi, A Pansu, A Becker, S Pailhes, F Bonnet, F Jeanblanc, C Brochier, X Teruin, S Rouby, L Gilly, L Cotte, C Beauvais, P Arlotto, C Fortin, A Talbot, A Chamberland, A McKenzie, M Blanchette, R Rousseau, K Montheuth, D Thompson, M Morin, M Wainberg, C Tremblay, C Etienne, F Tolonin, S Breaud, V Péchenot, S Bagge, T Cepitelli, P M Roger, E Rosenthal, E Cua, A Cheret, P Cornavin, S Vandamme, J Lambec, N Dumon, O Leclanche, T Huleux, R Biekre, O Robineau, H Melliez, H Bazus, A Pasquet, C Bernaud, M Besnier, B Bonnet, N Hall, M Cavellec, H Hue, L Larmet, M Colas, R Choquet, F Raffi, Jean-Michel Molina, Mark Wainberg, Benoit Trottier, Cécile Tremblay, Jean-Guy Baril, Gilles Pialoux, Laurent Cotte, Antoine Chéret, Armelle Pasquet, Eric Cua, Michel Besnier, Willy Rozenbaum, Christian Chidiac, Constance Delaugerre, Nathalie Bajos, Julie Timsit, Gilles Peytavin, Julien Fonsart, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Laurence Meyer, Jean-Pierre Aboulker, Bruno Spire, Marie Suzan-Monti, Gabriel Girard, Daniela Rojas Castro, Marie Préau, Michel Morin, David Thompson, Catherine Capitant, Lucie Marchand, Véronique Doré, Marie-Christine Simon, Isabelle Charreau, Joanne Otis, France Lert, Alpha Diallo, Séverine Gibowski, Cecile Rabian, Dominique Costagliola, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Vinhh-Kim Nguyen, Anne-Marie Taburet, Corinne Taéron, J M Le Gall, S Morel, V Pechenot, S Bagge, A Djessima Taba, M Danet, K Moudachirou, B Dos Santos, J Lambec, S Rouby, X Teruin, N Dumon, V Coquelin, P Brunet, L Gilly, T Cepitelli, R Porion, D Rojas Castro, B Spire, L Meyer, C Capitant, I Charreau, E Netzer, N Leturque, J Binesse, V Foubert, M Saouzanet, F Euphrasie, B Guillon, Y Saïdi, J P Aboulker, B Spire, M Suzan, G Cattin, B Demoulin, L Sagaon-Teyssier, N Lorente
Abstract
Background: Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis has been shown to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in some studies, but conflicting results have been reported among studies, probably due to challenges of adherence to a daily regimen.
Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial of antiretroviral therapy for preexposure HIV-1 prophylaxis among men who have unprotected anal sex with men. Participants were randomly assigned to take a combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) or placebo before and after sexual activity. All participants received risk-reduction counseling and condoms and were regularly tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 and other sexually transmitted infections.
Results: Of the 414 participants who underwent randomization, 400 who did not have HIV infection were enrolled (199 in the TDF-FTC group and 201 in the placebo group). All participants were followed for a median of 9.3 months (interquartile range, 4.9 to 20.6). A total of 16 HIV-1 infections occurred during follow-up, 2 in the TDF-FTC group (incidence, 0.91 per 100 person-years) and 14 in the placebo group (incidence, 6.60 per 100 person-years), a relative reduction in the TDF-FTC group of 86% (95% confidence interval, 40 to 98; P=0.002). Participants took a median of 15 pills of TDF-FTC or placebo per month (P=0.57). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two study groups. In the TDF-FTC group, as compared with the placebo group, there were higher rates of gastrointestinal adverse events (14% vs. 5%, P=0.002) and renal adverse events (18% vs. 10%, P=0.03).
Conclusions: The use of TDF-FTC before and after sexual activity provided protection against HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men. The treatment was associated with increased rates of gastrointestinal and renal adverse events. (Funded by the National Agency of Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis [ANRS] and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01473472.).
Source: PubMed