Preparing for an epidemic of limited health literacy: weathering the perfect storm

Abstract

Empirical data collected over the past two decades have demonstrated strong links between low literacy skills and poor health outcomes, including mortality. Recently, the Educational Testing Service released a relevant report predicting that our nation is at great risk as a result of declining adult literacy, shifting demographics, and a changing economy. It is essential to understand how these educational and socioeconomic changes will impact health care and prepare for a likely epidemic of limited health literacy. A formative public health response should include seeking out new strategies for health systems to advance our public's health literacy, while working with the educational system to better equip younger generations with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate health care.

Figures

Figure 1

Predicted 2030 distribution of adult literacy skills, United States. Excerpt from America’s Perfect Storm: Three forces changing our nation’s future. Educational Testing Service, January 2007. Key: Scores from the National Adult Literacy Survey range from 0 to 500. Individuals scoring in levels 1 (0–225) or 2 (226–275) possess a very limited range of literacy abilities. While only a small percentage would be deemed truly illiterate, the majority of these adults lack the skills needed to succeed in today’s economy or actively participate in society. Individuals scoring at level 3 (276–325) have the minimum level of literacy skills necessary to function in today’s society. Adults at levels 4 (326–375) and 5 (376–500) are considered to have the highest literacy proficiency, able to perform more complex and challenging tasks.