Woody forages effect the intestinal bacteria diversity of golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus

Biao Chen, Liu-Ling Gao, Qing Pan, Biao Chen, Liu-Ling Gao, Qing Pan

Abstract

To understand the effect of woody forages on golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) intestinal bacteria diversity and exploit new aquafeed ingredients, the diets of Moringa oleifera Lam (MOL), Broussonetia papyrifera (BP), Neolamarckia cadamba (NC) and Folium mori (FM) formulated with 70% of reference (Ref) diet and 30% of the four woody plants leaves were fed to golden pompano with initial body weight of 34.4 ± 0.5 g for 56 days, respectively. Bacteria diversity of golden pompano intestine and tank water (W) samples were analyzed using high-throughput illumina sequencing and the result indicated that the dominate phyla of golden pompano intestine were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. Proteobacteria in BP was significantly higher than those in NC (P < 0.05). Firmicutes in NC were significantly higher than those in BP and FM (P < 0.05). At genera level, Lactobacillus in NC was significantly higher than those in BP, MOL and FM groups (P < 0.05). The PCoA and heat map analyses showed that the intestinal bacteria community of golden pompano fed with woody forages and Ref diet presented higher similarity and the bacteria community of golden pompano intestine were clearly distinguished from those of W. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states showed that the intestinal bacteria dominant metabolism pathways of golden pompano fed with woody forages and Ref diet were biosynthesis of amino acids and carbon metabolism. Overall, the present study first successfully characterized the intestinal bacteria diversity of golden pompano.

Keywords: Golden pompano; Illumina sequence; Intestinal bacteria; Woody forages.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Rarefaction analyses of all samples. Rarefaction curves represented the number of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) detected in W (W1, W2, W3), Ref (Ref1, Ref2, Ref3), BP (BP1, BP2, BP3), NC (NC1, NC2, NC3), MOL (MOL1, MOL2, MOL3) and FM (FM1, FM2, FM3). Sequences were clustered at 97% sequence similarity
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The intestinal bacteria communities at phyla level. The color-coded bar plot showed the percentages of intestinal bacteria communities in W, Ref, BP, NC, MOL and FM groups at phyla level. “Others” meant the relative abundance were less than 1%
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The intestinal bacteria communities at genera level. The color-coded bar plot showed the percentages of intestinal bacteria communities in W, Ref, BP, NC, MOL and FM groups at genera level. Others meant the relative abundance were less than 1%
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
PCoA analyzed the bacteria community. The colored circles represented the bacteria from W, Ref, BP, NC, MOL and FM. PCoA analyzed by with binary Jaccard distances
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The heatmap of all samples. The different color intensities represented the relative bacteria abundance in W, Ref, BP, NC, MOL and FM groups. Figure was constructed using binary Jaccard distances. The distance of samples gradually increased with the color from blue to red

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