Modulation of Gut Microbiota of Overweight Mice by Agavins and Their Association with Body Weight Loss

Alicia Huazano-García, Hakdong Shin, Mercedes G López, Alicia Huazano-García, Hakdong Shin, Mercedes G López

Abstract

Agavins consumption has led to accelerated body weight loss in mice. We investigated the changes on cecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) associated with body weight loss in overweight mice. Firstly, mice were fed with standard (ST5) or high-fat (HF5) diet for five weeks. Secondly, overweight mice were shifted to standard diet alone (HF-ST10) or supplemented with agavins (HF-ST + A10) or oligofructose (HF-ST + O10), for five more weeks. Cecal contents were collected before and after supplementation to determine microbiota and SCFA concentrations. At the end of first phase, HF5 mice showed a significant increase of body weight, which was associated with reduction of cecal microbiota diversity (PD whole tree; non-parametric t test, p < 0.05), increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and reduced SCFA concentrations (t test, p < 0.05). After diet shifting, HF-ST10 normalized its microbiota, increased its diversity, and SCFA levels, whereas agavins (HF-ST + A10) or oligofructose (HF-ST + O10) led to partial microbiota restoration, with normalization of the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, as well as higher SCFA levels (p < 0.1). Moreover, agavins noticeably enriched Klebsiella and Citrobacter (LDA > 3.0); this enrichment has not been reported previously under a prebiotic treatment. In conclusion, agavins or oligofructose modulated cecal microbiota composition, reduced the extent of diversity, and increased SCFA. Furthermore, identification of bacteria enriched by agavins opens opportunities to explore new probiotics.

Keywords: agavins; body weight loss; microbiota; overweight; prebiotics; short chain fatty acids.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
High-fat diet consumption for five weeks induced overweight and modified the cecal microbiota composition of mice. Body weight gain (A); bacterial alpha diversity in cecum according to diet (B); principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot of cecal communities (C); linear discriminant analysis showing the differentially-overrepresented genera between mice fed with standard and high-fat diets (D); and the effect of the diet on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (E). Treatments with different superscript letters indicate significant differences (t test, p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effect of the diet shift and prebiotic supplementation on body weight loss and cecal microbiota composition in overweight mice. Body weight loss (A); Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio after the switch to a standard diet alone, or supplemented with agavins or oligofructose (B); differences in relative abundance of bacterial taxa in cecum according to diet group (C). Each taxon representing >1% of the average relative abundance in study groups is indicated by a different color.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effect of the diet shift and prebiotic supplementation on the cecal microbiota composition of overweight mice. Bacterial alpha diversity in cecum according to diet group (A); treatments with different superscript letters indicate significant differences (Bonferroni’s test, p < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot of cecal communities (B). Weighted UniFrac distances were used to evaluate beta diversity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Linear discriminant analysis showing the differentially-overrepresented genera between overweight mice fed with: a high-fat diet and the diet shift (A); the diet shift and agavins supplement (B); the diet shift and oligofructose supplement (C); and agavins and oligofructose supplements (D). LDA effect size (3.0-fold) was used to determine the significant biomarkers.

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