Baseline knee adduction and flexion moments during walking are both associated with 5 year cartilage changes in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis

E F Chehab, J Favre, J C Erhart-Hledik, T P Andriacchi, E F Chehab, J Favre, J C Erhart-Hledik, T P Andriacchi

Abstract

Objective: To test the hypothesis that knee cartilage changes over 5 years are associated with baseline peak knee adduction moment (KAM) and peak knee flexion moment (KFM) during early stance.

Design: Baseline KAM and KFM were measured in sixteen subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). Regional changes in cartilage thickness and changes in medial-to-lateral thickness ratio were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and again after 5 years. Multiple regression was used to determine whether baseline measures of KAM and KFM were associated with cartilage changes over 5 years. Associations with baseline pain score, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade, walking speed, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were tested one-by-one in the presence of KAM and KFM.

Results: Changes over 5 years in femoral medial-to-lateral thickness ratio were associated with baseline KAM, KFM, and pain score (R(2) = 0.60, P = 0.010), and most significantly with KAM (R(2) = 0.33, P = 0.019). Changes in tibial medial-to-lateral thickness ratio were associated with baseline KAM, KFM, and walking speed (R(2) = 0.49, P = 0.039), with KFM driving this association (R(2) = 0.40, P = 0.009). Changes in medial tibial thickness were associated with baseline KAM, KFM, and walking speed (R(2) = 0.49, P = 0.041); KFM also drove this association (R(2) = 0.42, P = 0.006).

Conclusions: The findings that the KAM has a greater influence on femoral cartilage change and the KFM has a greater influence on tibial cartilage change provide new insight into the tibiofemoral variations in cartilage changes associated with walking kinetics. These results suggest that both KAM and KFM should be considered when designing disease interventions as well as when assessing the risk for OA progression.

Keywords: Ambulatory mechanics; Cartilage thickness; Disease progression; Gait; Kinetics; MRI.

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

None of the authors had any conflict of interest with this study.

Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Baseline peak knee adduction moment during early stance was associated with five-year changes in femoral medial-to-lateral cartilage thickness ratio. Plot represents a univariate regression with unstandardized coefficient β.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Baseline peak knee flexion moment during early stance was associated with five-year changes in tibial medial-to-lateral cartilage thickness ratio. Plot represents a univariate regression with unstandardized coefficient β.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Baseline peak knee flexion moment during early stance was associated with five-year changes in medial tibial cartilage thickness. Plot represents a univariate regression with unstandardized coefficient β.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Post-hoc analysis revealed that baseline knee flexion moment (KFM) was significantly associated with medial tibial cartilage thickness changes in the central (cM), internal (iM), posterior (pM), and anterior (aM) subregions. eM correspond to the external medial subregion. * p

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