Food habits, physical activities and sedentary lifestyles of eutrophic and obese school children: a case-control study

Jenny Vilchis-Gil, Marcia Galván-Portillo, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Miguel Cruz, Samuel Flores-Huerta, Jenny Vilchis-Gil, Marcia Galván-Portillo, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Miguel Cruz, Samuel Flores-Huerta

Abstract

Background: Civilization has produced lifestyle changes; currently, people ingest more calories than are expended, resulting in obesity. This study assessed the association between dietary habits, physical activities, and sedentary behaviors and the risk of obesity in schoolchildren in Mexico City.

Methods: Of 1,441 children (6-12 years old) screened in elementary schools, 202 obese (BMI ≥95(th) pc) and 200 normal-weight children (BMI 25(th)- 75(th) pc), as defined by the 2000 CDC criteria, were included in a case-control study. The children's eating, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle habits were recorded using validated questionnaires. The quantity and quality of the foods were obtained, and the energy that was expended was transformed into METs. Sedentary behavior was assessed in hours. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risks of certain habits and their association with obesity.

Results: Obese children ingested around of 270 Kcal less than eutrophic children. However, compared with the eutrophic children, obese children had significantly worse lifestyle habits; the children with healthy dietary habits (eating breakfast at home, bringing a school lunch, and not bringing money to purchase food) had a lower risk of obesity (OR 0.59, CI 0.46; 0.75). The quality of the eaten food was associated with a risk of obesity. Consuming fruit demonstrated an inverse association with risk of obesity (p Trend = 0.01); consumption of sweetened beverages (p Trend < 0.04) and refined carbohydrates with added fat (p Trend = 0.002) were associated with an increased risk of obesity. Children who were more physically active at school had an OR of 0.37 (CI 0.16; 0.89), those who had 3-4 televisions at home had an OR of 2.13 (CI 1.20; 3.78), and the risk of developing obesity was independent of caloric intake.

Conclusions: Poorer eating habits as well as less physical activity were associated with the risk of obesity. An obesogenic environment could change if teachers and parents worked together to form healthy food intake and physical activity habits.

References

    1. World Health Organization. Global database on body mass index. Web site: . Accessed February 10, 2015.
    1. Barquera S, Campirano F, Bonvecchio A, Hernández-Barrera L, Rivera JA, Popkin BM. Caloric beverage consumption patterns in Mexican children. Nutr J. 2010;9:47. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-47.
    1. Jiménez-Aguilar A, Flores M, Shamah-Levy T. Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and BMI in Mexican adolescents: Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006. Salud Publica Mex. 2009;51(Suppl 4):S604–12. doi: 10.1590/S0036-36342009001000015.
    1. Rivera JA, Barquera S, Campirano F, Campos I, Safdie M, Tovar V. Epidemiological and nutritional transition in Mexico: rapid increase of non-communicable chronic diseases and obesity. Public Health Nutr. 2002;5:113–22. doi: 10.1079/PHN2001282.
    1. Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:274–88.
    1. Gutierrez JP, Rivera-Dommarco J, Shamah-Levy T, Villalpando-Hernandez S, Franco A, Cuevas-Nasu L, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion 2012. Cuernavaca, Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; 2012.
    1. Rivera JÁ, de Cossío TG, Pedraza LS, Aburto TC, Sánchez TG, Martorell R. Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Latin America: a systematic review. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(4):321–32. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70173-6.
    1. Monasta L, Batty GD, Cattaneo A, Lutje V, Ronfani L, Van Lenthe FJ, et al. Early-life determinants of overweight and obesity: a review of systematic reviews. Obes Rev. 2010;11(10):695–708. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00735.x.
    1. Klünder-Klünder M, Mejía-Benítez MA, Flores-Huerta S, Burguete-García AI, García-Mena J, Cruz M. rs12255372 Variant of TCF7L2 Gene Is Protective for Obesity in Mexican Children. Arch Med Res. 2011;42(6):495–501. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.05.006.
    1. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and Development. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 11(246). 2002.
    1. Klünder-Klünder M, Flores-Huerta S, García-Macedo R, Peralta-Romero J, Cruz M. Adiponectin in eutrophic and obese children as a biomarker to predict metabolic syndrome and each of its components. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:88. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-88.
    1. Ramírez I, Mundo V, Rodríguez S, Vizuet I, Hernández N, Jiménez A. Encuestas dietéticas. In: Shamah-Levy TV-HS, Rivera-Dommarco J, editors. In Manual de Procedimientos para Proyectos de Nutrición. Cuernavaca, México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; 2006. pp. 27–107.
    1. Hernández B, Gortmaker SL, Laird NM, Colditz GA, Parra-Cabrera S, Peterson KE. Validez y reproducibilidad de un cuestionario de actividad e inactividad física para escolares de la ciudad de México. Salud Publica Mex. 2000;42:315–23. doi: 10.1590/S0036-36342000000400006.
    1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page,
    1. Muñoz M, Chavez A, Roldán JA, Ledesma JA, Mendoza E, Hernández S, et al. Tablas de Valor Nutritivo de los Alimentos de Mayor Consumo en Latinoamérica. 2a reimpresión México: Editorial Pax;1996
    1. Pérez LAB, Palacios GB, Castro BAL. Sistema Mexicano de Alimentos Equivalentes. 3a edición. México: Fomento de Nutrición y Salud, 2008
    1. Bourges H, Casanueva E, Rosado JL. Recomendaciones de Ingestión de Nutrimentos para la Población Mexicana. Tomo 2. Energía, proteínas, lípidos, hidratos de carbono y fibra. México: Médica Panamericana; 2008.
    1. Ainsworth BA, Haskell W, Whitt M, Irwin M, Swartz A, Strath S, et al. Compendium of Physical Activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(Suppl 4):S498–516. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009.
    1. Skinner AC, Steiner MJ, Perrin EM. Self-Reported Energy Intake by Age in Overweight and Healthy-Weight Children in NHANES, 2001–2008. Pediatrics. 2012;130(4):e936–42. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0605.
    1. Flores M, Macías N, Rivera M, Barquera S, Hernández L, García-Guerra A, et al. Energy and nutrient intake among Mexican school-aged children, Mexican National Health and Nutrition survey, 2006. Salud Publica Mex. 2009;51(Suppl 4):S540–50.
    1. Fiorito LM, Ventura AK, Mitchell DC, Smiciklas-Wrigth H, Birch LL. Girls’ Dairy Intake, Energy Intake, and Weight Status. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106(11):1851–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.08.003.
    1. Alexander KE, Ventura EE, Spruijt-Metz D, Weigensberg MJ, Goran MI, Davis JN. Association of breakfast skipping with visceral fat and insulin indices in overweight Latino youth. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009;17(9):1528–33. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.127.
    1. Flores-Huerta S, Acosta-Cázares B, Rendón-Macías ME, Klünder-Klünder M, Gutiérrez-Trujillo G. ENCOPREVENIMSS 2004. Consumo de alimentos saludables o con riesgo para la salud. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2006;44(Suppl 1):S63–78.
    1. Bremer AA, Mietus-Snyder M, Lustig RH. Toward a unifying hypothesis of metabolic syndrome. Pediatrics. 2012;129(3):557–70. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2912.
    1. Hernández-Pérez MG, León-Robles ME, López-Romo H, Rodríguez-Martínez M, Peza-Campos SC. Percepciones de escolares de 6–12 años y sus padres en relación con los factores que provocan obesidad. In: Meléndez G, editor. Factores asociados con sobrepeso y obesidad en el ambiente escolar. México: Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, Ed. Médica Panamericana; 2008. pp. 91–128.
    1. Morales-Ruán M d C, Hernández-Prado B, Gómez-Acosta LM, Shamah-Levy T, Cuevas-Nasu L. Obesity, overweight, screen time and physical activity in Mexican adolescents. Salud Publica Mex. 2009;51(Suppl 4):S613–20. doi: 10.1590/S0036-36342009001000016.
    1. Wabitsch M. GH/IGF axis and longitudinal growth in children with obesity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;51(Suppl 3):S145–6. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181f8429d.
    1. Wronka I. Growth and development of overweight and obese girls. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2011;17(3):125–8.
    1. Aldabal L, Bahammam AS. Metabolic, endocrine, and immune consequences of sleep deprivation. Open Respir Med J. 2011;5:31–43. doi: 10.2174/1874306401105010031.
    1. Landhuis CE, Poulton R, Welch D, Hancox RJ. Childhood sleep time and long-term risk for obesity: a 32-year prospective birth cohort study. Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):955–60. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3521.

Source: PubMed

Szponzorok és közreműködők

Egészségi állapot

Kábítószer-beavatkozások

3
Iratkozz fel