Estimating daily salt intake based on 24 h urinary sodium excretion in adults aged 18-69 years in Shandong, China

Ji-Yu Zhang, Liu-Xia Yan, Jun-Li Tang, Ji-Xiang Ma, Xiao-Lei Guo, Wen-Hua Zhao, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Jian-Hong Li, Jie Chu, Zhen-Qiang Bi, Ji-Yu Zhang, Liu-Xia Yan, Jun-Li Tang, Ji-Xiang Ma, Xiao-Lei Guo, Wen-Hua Zhao, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Jian-Hong Li, Jie Chu, Zhen-Qiang Bi

Abstract

Objective: 24 h urinary sodium extretion was used to estimate the daily salt intake of shandong residents aged from 18 to 69 years in China.

Setting: 20 selected counties/districts in Shandong stratified by geographic region (Eastern, Central Southern and North Western) and residence type (urban vs rural).

Participants: Among 2184 randomly selected adults, 2061 provided usable 24 h urine samples. Urine volume <500 mL or male creatinine <3.81 (female creatinine <4.57) are not included in the analysis.

Results: The mean sodium level excreted over 24 h was 237.61 mmol (95% CI 224.77 to 250.44) mmol. Overall, the estimated mean salt intake was 13.90 g/day (95% CI 13.15 to 14.65). The mean salt intake among rural residents was higher than that among urban residents (14.00 vs 13.68 g; p<0.01). Salt intake in men was higher than that in women (14.40 vs 13.37 g; p<0.01). Approximately 96% of the survey participants had a dietary salt intake of ≥6 g/day.

Conclusions: The salt intake in Shandong is alarmingly higher than the current recommended amount (6 g/day). Thus, effective interventions to reduce salt intake levels to combat the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases need to be developed and implemented.

Keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; NUTRITION & DIETETICS.

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

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Source: PubMed

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