Effect of periodontal surgery on osteoprotegerin levels in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis patients

Sandy H S Hassan, Mahmoud I El-Refai, Noha A Ghallab, Rehab Fawzy Kasem, Olfat G Shaker, Sandy H S Hassan, Mahmoud I El-Refai, Noha A Ghallab, Rehab Fawzy Kasem, Olfat G Shaker

Abstract

Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the OPG profiles in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients in response to open flap debridement (OFD).

Subjects and methods: The study included 30 subjects divided into 2 groups: 20 CP patients and 10 periodontally healthy subjects. Plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level measurements were recorded for all subjects. GCF, salivary, and gingival samples were collected from all 30 subjects at baseline and 3 and 6 month after OFD from the 20 CP patients. GCF and salivary OPG levels were assessed by ELISA assay, while OPG expression in gingival tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry.

Results: GCF, salivary and gingival OPG profiles were significantly higher in control subjects compared to CP patients at baseline (P < 0.001). Within CP group, OPG levels in GCF, saliva, and gingival samples showed a significant increase at 3 and 6 months after OFD (P < 0.001) compared to baseline. Although OPG values increased significantly in gingival samples and insignificantly in saliva after 3 months compared to 6 months, yet GCF levels were significantly decreased.

Conclusions: OPG might be considered as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of periodontal bone destruction. This trial is registered with NCT02160613.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Bar chart representing mean GCF and salivary OPG levels of the two studied groups at baseline.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bar chart representing mean GCF and salivary OPG levels of chronic periodontitis group throughout the experimental period.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Photomicrograph of a section from gingiva of control group showing strong positive OPG immunostain within both epithelium and connective tissues in (a), photomicrograph of a section from gingiva of CP group at baseline showing weak positive OPG immunostain within both epithelium and connective tissues in (b), and photomicrograph of a section from gingiva of CP group showing moderate OPG immunostain within both epithelium and connective tissues at 3 months in (c) and at 6 months in (d) (anti-OPG antibody ×200).

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