The effects of smoking and smoking cessation on nasal mucociliary clearance, mucus properties and inflammation

Daniela Mitiyo Odagiri Utiyama, Carolina Tieko Yoshida, Danielle Miyuki Goto, Tômas de Santana Carvalho, Ubiratan de Paula Santos, Andreas Rembert Koczulla, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva, Naomi Kondo Nakagawa, Daniela Mitiyo Odagiri Utiyama, Carolina Tieko Yoshida, Danielle Miyuki Goto, Tômas de Santana Carvalho, Ubiratan de Paula Santos, Andreas Rembert Koczulla, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva, Naomi Kondo Nakagawa

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess nasal mucociliary clearance, mucus properties and inflammation in smokers and subjects enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Program (referred to as quitters).

Method: A total of 33 subjects with a median (IQR) smoking history of 34 (20-58) pack years were examined for nasal mucociliary clearance using a saccharine transit test, mucus properties using contact angle and sneeze clearability tests, and quantification of inflammatory and epithelial cells, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in nasal lavage fluid. Twenty quitters (mean age: 51 years, 9 male) were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 12 months after smoking cessation, and 13 smokers (mean age: 52 years, 6 male) were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02136550.

Results: Smokers and quitters showed similar demographic characteristics and morbidities. At baseline, all subjects showed impaired nasal mucociliary clearance (mean 17.6 min), although 63% and 85% of the quitters demonstrated significant nasal mucociliary clearance improvement at 1 month and 12 months, respectively. At 12 months, quitters also showed mucus sneeze clearability improvement (∼26%), an increased number of macrophages (2-fold) and no changes in mucus contact angle or cytokine concentrations.

Conclusion: This study showed that smoking cessation induced early improvements in nasal mucociliary clearance independent of mucus properties and inflammation. Changes in mucus properties were observed after only 12 months of smoking cessation.

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Longitudinal study design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Concentrations of cotinine (ng/mL) and exhaled carbon monoxide (ppm) in smokers and quitters throughout the study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Nasal mucociliary clearance according to the saccharine transit time (min) and mucus clearability by sneeze (mm) in smokers and quitters throughout the study.

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Source: PubMed

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