Autophagic control of cell 'stemness'

Huize Pan, Ning Cai, Mo Li, Guang-Hui Liu, Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, Huize Pan, Ning Cai, Mo Li, Guang-Hui Liu, Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte

Abstract

Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types. Both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors may contribute to aging-related decline in stem cell function and loss of stemness. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis requires timely removal of toxic proteins and damaged organelles that accumulate with age or in pathological conditions. Autophagy is one of the main strategies to eliminate unwanted cytoplasmic materials thereby ultimately preventing cellular damage. Here, we shall discuss the accumulating evidence suggesting that autophagy plays a critical role in the homeostatic control of stem cell functions during aging, tissue regeneration, and cellular reprogramming.

Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd on behalf of EMBO.

Figures

Figure 1. Autophagy in stem cell activity…
Figure 1. Autophagy in stem cell activity and function

  1. Autophagy is required for the maintenance of MSCs and inhibits their death.

  2. Autophagy remains at high levels in HSCs, DSCs and Epi-SCs, and promotes their maintenance; after induced differentiation, autophagic activity is down regulated.

  3. Autophagy in NSCs, CSCs and ESCs is up regulated during their differentiation.

  4. Autophagy is required for the maintenance and the tumourigenic potential of BCSCs, enhances the survival of PCSCs, and plays an important role in GSC migration.

  5. Autophagy increases the reprogramming efficiency, and promotes the generation of iPSC.

  6. Autophagosome clearance is inhibited in PD-iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons (DAn).

  7. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, can effectively facilitate the degradation of progerin and thus prevent progeria-associated ageing phenotypes in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) fibroblasts.

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Source: PubMed

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