Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease mortality in the United States, 1999-2010: a population-based comparative study

Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Roberto F Machado, Joe G N Garcia, Dean E Schraufnagel, Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Roberto F Machado, Joe G N Garcia, Dean E Schraufnagel

Abstract

Background: Environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms with which humans commonly interact. The epidemiologic characteristics of NTM diseases including mortality rate and its associated factors remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the geographical area of exposure and mortality and comorbid conditions of affected persons to determine environment, host, and host-pathogen interactive factors.

Methods: We analyzed mortality related to nontuberculous mycobacterial infections from 1999 through 2010 by examining multiple-cause-of-death data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Among those who died with these diseases, we analyzed age-adjusted mortality rates, trends, associations with demographic variables, and comorbid conditions and correlated this information with similar data for tuberculosis-related mortality during the same time.

Measurements and mean results: From 1999 through 2010, nontuberculous mycobacterial disease was reported as an immediate cause of death in 2,990 people in the United States with a combined overall mean age-adjusted mortality rate of 0.1 per 100,000 person-years. A significant increase in the number of NTM related deaths was seen from 1999 through 2010 (R(2) = 0.72, p<0.0001), but it was not significant after adjustment for age. Persons aged 55 years and older, women, those living in Hawaii and Louisiana, and those of non-Hispanic, white ethnicity had higher mortality rates. Compared to tuberculosis-related mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, HIV, interstitial lung diseases, and tobacco use were significantly more common in persons with nontuberculous mycobacteria-related deaths.

Conclusions: Nontuberculous mycobacteria-related death numbers are rising and are unevenly distributed. The strong association of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease with age suggests that its prevalence will increase as the United States population ages.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. NTM and TB-related mortality rates…
Figure 1. NTM and TB-related mortality rates per 100,000 person-years by year, United States, 1999–2010.
Figure 2. Number of NTM-related deaths stratified…
Figure 2. Number of NTM-related deaths stratified by age and gender United States, 1999–2010.
Figure 3. Number of tuberculosis-related deaths stratified…
Figure 3. Number of tuberculosis-related deaths stratified by age and gender United States, 1999–2010.
Figure 4. NTM-related deaths and age-adjusted mortality…
Figure 4. NTM-related deaths and age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 person-years by States, United States, 1999–2010.
Legend: Alaska had NTM related mortality less than 9, therefore data were suppressed to meet the criteria for confidentiality constraints.
Figure 5. Tuberculosis-related deaths and age-adjusted mortality…
Figure 5. Tuberculosis-related deaths and age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 person-years by States, 1999–2010.

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Source: PubMed

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