The theory of planned behaviour and discrete food choices: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Máirtín S McDermott, Madalyn Oliver, Alexander Svenson, Thomas Simnadis, Eleanor J Beck, Tim Coltman, Don Iverson, Peter Caputi, Rajeev Sharma, Máirtín S McDermott, Madalyn Oliver, Alexander Svenson, Thomas Simnadis, Eleanor J Beck, Tim Coltman, Don Iverson, Peter Caputi, Rajeev Sharma

Abstract

The combination of economic and social costs associated with non-communicable diseases provide a compelling argument for developing strategies that can influence modifiable risk factors, such as discrete food choices. Models of behaviour, such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) provide conceptual order that allows program designers and policy makers to identify the substantive elements that drive behaviour and design effective interventions. The primary aim of the current review was to examine the association between TPB variables and discrete food choice behaviours. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. Calculation of the pooled mean effect size (r(+)) was conducted using inverse-variance weighted, random effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the Q- and I(2)-statistics. Meta-regression was used to test the impact of moderator variables: type of food choice behaviour; participants' age and gender. A total of 42 journal articles and four unpublished dissertations met the inclusion criteria. TPB variables were found to have medium to large associations with both intention and behaviour. Attitudes had the strongest association with intention (r(+) = 0.54) followed by perceived behavioural control (PBC, r(+) = 0.42) and subjective norm (SN, r(+) = 0.37). The association between intention and behaviour was r(+) = 0.45 and between PBC and behaviour was r(+) = 0.27. Moderator analyses revealed the complex nature of dietary behaviour and the factors that underpin individual food choices. Significantly higher PBC-behaviour associations were found for choosing health compromising compared to health promoting foods. Significantly higher intention-behaviour and PBC-behaviour associations were found for choosing health promoting foods compared to avoiding health compromising foods. Participant characteristics were also found to moderate associations within the model. Higher intention-behaviour associations were found for older, compared to younger age groups. The variability in the association of the TPB with different food choice behaviours uncovered by the moderator analyses strongly suggest that researchers should carefully consider the nature of the behaviour being exhibited prior to selecting a theory.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flow chart

References

    1. World Health Organisation. The top 10 causes of death. World Health Organisation. 2014. . Accessed 04/05/15.
    1. Bloom DE, Cafiero ET, Jané-Llopis E, Abrahams-Gessel S, Bloom LR, Fathima S, et al. The global economic burden of noncommunicable diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum; 2011.
    1. World Health Organisation . Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2011.
    1. National Health and Medical Research Council . Australian dietary guidelines. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council; 2013.
    1. National Health Service. Eight tips for healthy eating; 2014. . Accessed 04/09/2015 2015.
    1. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S . Department of Health and Human Services. Washington DC: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010; 2010.
    1. Jacobs DR, Tapsell LC. Food, not nutrients, is the fundamental unit in nutrition. Nutr Rev. 2007;65(10):439–50.
    1. Australian Bureau of Statistics . Australian health survey: nutrition first results. Canberra: Food and Nutrients, 2011–12; 2014.
    1. Michie S, Johnston M. Theories and techniques of behaviour change: developing a cumulative science of behaviour change. Health Psychol Rev. 2012;6(1):1–6. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2012.654964.
    1. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Dec. 1991;50(2):179–211. doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.
    1. Fishbein M, Ajzen I. Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: an introduction to theory and research. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley; 1975.
    1. Ajzen I. From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In: Kuhl J, Beckman J, editors. Action-control: From cognition to behavior Heidelberg: Springer; 1985. p. 11–39.
    1. McEachan RRC, Conner M, Taylor NJ, Lawton RJ. Prospective prediction of health-related behaviours with the Theory of Planned Behaviour: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2011;5(2):97–144. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2010.521684.
    1. Povey R, Conner M, Sparks P, James R, Shepherd R. Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to two dietary behaviours: roles of perceived control and self-efficacy. Br J Health Psychol. 2000;5:121–39. doi: 10.1348/135910700168810.
    1. Hall PA, Fong GT. Temporal self-regulation theory: a model for individual health behaviour. Health Psychol Rev. 2007;1(1):6–52. doi: 10.1080/17437190701492437.
    1. Collins A, Mullan B. An extension of the theory of planned behavior to predict immediate hedonic behaviors and distal benefit behaviors. Food Qual Prefer. 2011;22(7):638–46. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.03.011.
    1. Hofmann W, Friese M, Wiers RW. Impulsive versus reflective influences on health behavior: a theoretical framework and empirical review. Health Psychol Rev. 2008;2(2):111–37. doi: 10.1080/17437190802617668.
    1. Strack F, Deutsch R. Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2004;8(3):220–47. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_1.
    1. World Health Organisation . Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2004.
    1. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7) doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.
    1. Moher D, Tricco AC. Issues related to the conduct of systematic reviews: a focus on the nutrition field. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(5):1191–9.
    1. McDermott MS, Oliver M, Simnadis T, Beck EJ, Coltman T, Iverson D, et al. The Theory of Planned Behaviour and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2015;81:150–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.020.
    1. Cooke R, Dahdah M, Norman P, French DP. How well does the theory of planned behaviour predict alcohol consumption? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2014:1–20. doi:10.1080/17437199.2014.947547.
    1. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159–74. doi: 10.2307/2529310.
    1. de Bruijn GJ, van den Putte B. Adolescent soft drink consumption, television viewing and habit strength. Investigating clustering effects in the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite. 2009;53(1):66–75. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.05.008.
    1. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR. Introduction to meta-analysis. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
    1. Sharma R, Yetton P, Crawford J. Estimating the effect of common method variance: the method-method pair technique with an illustration from TAM research. MIS Q. 2009;33(3):473–90.
    1. Borenstein M, Hedges L, Higgins J, Rothstein H. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Version 3. Englewood, NJ: Biostat; 2014.
    1. Astrom AN, Okullo I. Temporal stability of the theory of planned behavior: a prospective analysis of sugar consumption among Ugandan adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(6):426–34. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00186.x.
    1. Berg C, Jonsson I, Conner M. Understanding choice of milk and bread for breakfast among Swedish children aged 11–15 years: an application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite. 2000;34(1):5–19. doi: 10.1006/appe.1999.0269.
    1. Conner M, Hugh-Jones S, Berg C. Using the two-factor Theory of Planned Behaviour to predict adolescent breakfast choices. Educ Child Psychol. 2011;28(4):37–50.
    1. Kassem NO. Predicting milk and soft drink consumption among female adolescents using the theory of planned behavior [Dr.P.H.] Ann Arbor: Loma Linda University; 2000.
    1. Kassem NO, Lee JW, Modeste NN, Johnston PK. Understanding soft drink consumption among female adolescents using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Health Educ Res. 2003;18(3):278–91. doi: 10.1093/her/cyf017.
    1. Ajzen I, Madden TJ. Prediction of goal-directed behavior - attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral-control. J Exp Soc Psychol. 1986;22(5):453–74. doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(86)90045-4.
    1. Topa G, Moriano JA. Theory of planned behavior and smoking: meta-analysis and SEM model. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2010;1:23–33. doi: 10.2147/SAR.S15168.
    1. Greenwald AG, McGhee DE, Schwartz JLK. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998;74(6):1464–80. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464.
    1. Kothe EJ, Mullan BA. Interaction effects in the theory of planned behaviour: predicting fruit and vegetable consumption in three prospective cohorts. Br J Health Psychol. 2014
    1. Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci. 2011;6. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-42.
    1. Hollands GJ, Prestwich A, Marteau TM. Using aversive images to enhance healthy food choices and implicit attitudes: an experimental test of evaluative conditioning. Health Psychol. 2011;30(2):195–203. doi: 10.1037/a0022261.
    1. van Koningsbruggen GM, Veling H, Stroebe W, Aarts H. Comparing two psychological interventions in reducing impulsive processes of eating behaviour: effects on self-selected portion size. Brit J Health Psych. 2014;19(4):767–82. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12075.
    1. Hardeman W, Johnston M, Johnston DW, Bonetti D, Wareham NJ, Kinmonth AL. Application of the theory of planned behaviour in behaviour change interventions: a systematic review. Psychol Health. 2002;17(2):123–58. doi: 10.1080/08870440290013644a.
    1. Sheeran P, Harris PR, Epton T. Does heightening risk appraisals change people's intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Psychol Bull. 2014;140(2):511–43. doi: 10.1037/a0033065.
    1. Aghamolaei T, Sadat Tavafian S, Madani A. Fish consumption in a sample of people in Bandar Abbas, Iran: application of the theory of planned behavior. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2012;15(9):545–8.
    1. Astrom AN. Validity of cognitive predictors of adolescent sugar snack consumption. Am J Health Behav. 2004;28(2):112–21. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.28.2.2.
    1. Balian A. Influences on school-age children's milk and soft drink intake [Ph.D.] Ann Arbor: Case Western Reserve University (Health Sciences); 2008.
    1. Blanchard CM, Fisher J, Sparling PB, Shanks TH, Nehl E, Rhodes RE, et al. Understanding adherence to 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day: a theory of planned behavior perspective. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2009;41(1):3–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2007.12.006.
    1. Blanchard CM, Kupperman J, Sparling PB, Nehl E, Rhodes RE, Courneya KS, et al. Do ethnicity and gender matter when using the theory of planned behavior to understand fruit and vegetable consumption? Appetite. 2009;52(1):15–20. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.07.001.
    1. Branscum P, Sharma M. Comparing the utility of the theory of planned behavior between boys and girls for predicting snack food consumption: implications for practice. Health Promot Pract. 2014;15(1):134–40. doi: 10.1177/1524839913481974.
    1. Brug J, de Vet E, de Nooijer J, Verplanken B. Predicting fruit consumption: cognitions, intention, and habits. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2006;38(2):73–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2005.11.027.
    1. Churchill S, Jessop D, Sparks P. Impulsive and/or planned behaviour: Can impulsivity contribute to the predictive utility of the theory of planned behaviour? Br J Soc Psychol. 2008;47(4):631–46. doi: 10.1348/014466608X284434.
    1. Churchill S, Jessop DC. Reflective and non-reflective antecedents of health-related behaviour: exploring the relative contributions of impulsivity and implicit self-control to the prediction of dietary behaviour. Br J Health Psychol. 2011;16(2):257–72. doi: 10.1348/135910710X498688.
    1. Corry NH. An extended model of the theory of planned behavior: predictive value for risky and preventive weight-related behaviors [Ph.D.] Ann Arbor: Purdue University; 2008.
    1. de Bruijn G-J. Understanding college students' fruit consumption. Integrating habit strength in the theory of planned behaviour. Appetite. 2010;54(1):16–22. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.08.007.
    1. de Bruijn GJ, Keer M, van den Putte B, Neijens P. Need for affect, need for cognition, and the intention-fruit consumption relationship: an action-control perspective. Health Educ J. 2012;71(5):617–28. doi: 10.1177/0017896911409735.
    1. de Bruijn G-J, Brug J, Van Lenthe FJ. Neuroticism, conscientiousness and fruit consumption: exploring mediator and moderator effects in the theory of planned behaviour. Psychol Health. 2009;24(9):1051–69. doi: 10.1080/08870440802428241.
    1. de Bruijn G-J, Kremers SP, De Vet E, De Nooijer J, Van Mechelen W, Brug J. Does habit strength moderate the intention-behaviour relationship in the theory of planned behaviour? The case of fruit consumption. Psychol Health. 2007;22(8):899–916. doi: 10.1080/14768320601176113.
    1. de Bruijn G-J, Kremers SP, de Vries H, van Mechelen W, Brug J. Associations of social-environmental and individual-level factors with adolescent soft drink consumption: Results from the SMILE study. Health Educ Res. 2007;22(2):227–37. doi: 10.1093/her/cyl066.
    1. de Bruijn G-J, Kremers SP, Schaalma H, van Mechelen W, Brug J. Determinants of adolescent bicycle use for transportation and snacking behavior. Prev Med. 2005;40(6):658–67. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.003.
    1. Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Rashidan A, Majdzadeh R, Omidvar N, Tabatabai MG, Shojaeezadeh D. Parental control and junk-food consumption: a mediating and moderating effect analysis. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2012;42(5):1241–65. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00885.x.
    1. Kassem NO, Lee JW. Understanding soft drink consumption among male adolescents using the theory of planned behavior. J Behav Med. 2004;27(3):273–96. doi: 10.1023/B:JOBM.0000028499.29501.8f.
    1. Kassem NO, Lee JW. Understanding reduced-fat milk consumption among male adolescents using the theory of planned behavior. Am J Health Educ. 2005;36(1):16–24. doi: 10.1080/19325037.2005.10608152.
    1. Kida I, Åstrøm A. Correlates of the intention to avoid intake of sugared snacks among Tanzanian adolescents. J Gend Cult Health. 1998;3(3):171–82. doi: 10.1023/A:1023241222619.
    1. Kim K, Reicks M, Sjoberg S. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict dairy product consumption by older adults. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2003;35(6):294–301. doi: 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60343-6.
    1. Mahon D, Cowan C, McCarthy M. The role of attitudes, subjective norm, perceived control and habit in the consumption of ready meals and takeaways in Great Britain. Food Qual Prefer. 2006;17(6):474–81. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2005.06.001.
    1. Masalu J, Astrom A. Predicting intended and self-perceived sugar restriction among Tanzanian students using the theory of planned behavior. J Health Psychol. 2001;6(4):435–45. doi: 10.1177/135910530100600406.
    1. Mitterer-Daltoe ML, Latorres JM, Queiroz MI, Fiszman S, Varela P. Reasons underlying low fish consumption where availability is not an issue. A case study in Brazil, One of the World's largest fish producers. J Sens Stud. 2013;28(3):205–16. doi: 10.1111/joss.12037.
    1. Murnaghan DA, Blanchard CM, Rodgers WM, LaRosa JN, MacQuarrie CR, MacLellan DL, et al. Predictors of physical activity, healthy eating and being smoke-free in teens: a theory of planned behaviour approach. Psychol Health. 2010;25(8):925–41. doi: 10.1080/08870440902866894.
    1. O’Neal CW, Wickrama K, Ralston PA, Ilich JZ, Harris CM, Coccia C, et al. Eating behaviors of older African Americans: an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Gerontologist. 2014;54(2):211–20. doi: 10.1093/geront/gns155.
    1. Onwezen MC, Bartels J, Antonides G. The self-regulatory function of anticipated pride and guilt in a sustainable and healthy consumption context. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2014;44(1):53–68. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.1991.
    1. Prell H, Berg C, Jonsson L. Why dont adolescents eat fish? Factors influencing fish consumption in school. Scand J Nutr. 2002;46(4):184–91. doi: 10.1080/110264802762225318.
    1. Richetin J, Perugini M, Adjali I, Hurling R. Comparing leading theoretical models of behavioral predictions and post-behavior evaluations. Psychol Market. 2008;25(12):1131–50. doi: 10.1002/mar.20257.
    1. Sharifirad G, Yarmohammadi P, Azadbakht L, Morowatisharifabad MA, Hassanzadeh A. Determinants of fast food consumption among Iranian high school students based on planned behavior theory. J Obes. 2013;2013:147589. doi: 10.1155/2013/147589.
    1. Sjoberg SA. The influence of sensory and behavioral factors on whole grain bread consumption among a convenience sample of adults [Ph.D.] Ann Arbor: University of Minnesota; 2012.
    1. Tak N, Te Velde S, Oenema A, Van der Horst K, Timperio A, Crawford D, et al. The association between home environmental variables and soft drink consumption among adolescents. Exploration of mediation by individual cognitions and habit strength. Appetite. 2011;56(2):503–10. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.01.013.
    1. Tak NI, te Velde SJ, Kamphuis CB, Ball K, Crawford D, Brug J, et al. Associations between neighbourhood and household environmental variables and fruit consumption: exploration of mediation by individual cognitions and habit strength in the GLOBE study. Public Health Nutr. 2013;16(3):505–14. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012002807.
    1. Towler G, Shepherd R. Modification of Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action to predict chip consumption. Food Qual Prefer. 1991;3(1):37–45. doi: 10.1016/0950-3293(91)90021-6.
    1. Tuu HH, Olsen SO, Thao DT, Anh NTK. The role of norms in explaining attitudes, intention and consumption of a common food (fish) in Vietnam. Appetite. 2008;51(3):546–51. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.007.
    1. Verbeke W, Vackier I. Individual determinants of fish consumption: application of the theory of planned behaviour. Appetite. 2005;44(1):67–82. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2004.08.006.
    1. Verplanken B. Beyond frequency: habit as mental construct. Br J Soc Psychol. 2006;45(3):639–56. doi: 10.1348/014466605X49122.
    1. Zoellner J, Estabrooks PA, Davy BM, Chen Y-C, You W. Exploring the theory of planned behavior to explain sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012;44(2):172–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2011.06.010.

Source: PubMed

Szponzorok és közreműködők

Egészségi állapot

Kábítószer-beavatkozások

3
Iratkozz fel