Effect of Photobiomodulation on Transforming Growth Factor-β1, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB, and Interleukin-8 Release in Palatal Wounds After Free Gingival Graft Harvesting: A Randomized Clinical Study

Ilker Keskiner, Muge Lutfioğlu, Ahmet Aydogdu, N Isil Saygun, Muhittin A Serdar, Ilker Keskiner, Muge Lutfioğlu, Ahmet Aydogdu, N Isil Saygun, Muhittin A Serdar

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the healing of the donor palatal area following free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting by examining changes in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and interleukin (IL)-8 levels in palatal wound fluid (PWF).

Material and methods: Thirty patients were selected and randomly assigned to receive PBM (laser group) or PBM sham (sham group) in the palatine area after FGG harvesting. A neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (1064 nm) was applied to the test sites immediately after surgery and every 24 h thereafter for 4 days. PWF was collected on Days 7 and 12, and PWF TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and IL-8 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Results: PWF TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and IL-8 levels were significantly lower on Day 12 than on Day 7 for both groups. PWF TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and IL-8 levels of the laser group were significantly higher than those of sham group on Day 7 (p < 0.05). PWF TGF-β1 levels were also significantly higher in laser group than in the sham group on Day 12; however, differences in PDGF-BB and IL-8 levels between groups on Day 12 were statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusions: Observed increases in PWF TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and IL-8 levels suggest that PBM may accelerate wound healing by stimulating production of selected mediators.

Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) patient flow chart.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Clinical views of wound area of the laser group: (a) before surgery, (b) after harvesting free gingival graft (FGG), (c) healing on Day 7, (d) healing on Day 12. Sham group: (e) before surgery, (f) after harvesting FGG, (g) healing on Day 7, (h) healing on Day 12.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Palatal wound fluid sampling.

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