Household air pollution from solid fuel use and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

Adeladza K Amegah, Reginald Quansah, Jouni J K Jaakkola, Adeladza K Amegah, Reginald Quansah, Jouni J K Jaakkola

Abstract

Background: About 41% of households globally, mainly in developing countries rely on solid fuels for cooking with consequences for fetal growth and development. Previous reviews were limited in scope, assessing only two outcomes (birth weight, stillbirth). With important evidence accumulating, there is a need to improve the previous estimates and assess additional outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the quality and strength of available evidence on household air pollution (HAP) and the whole range of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Scopus and CINAHL were searched from their inception to the end of April 2013. All epidemiological study designs were eligible for inclusion in the review. The random-effects model was applied in computing the summary-effect estimates (EE) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: Of 1505 studies screened, 19 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Household combustion of solid fuels resulted in an 86.43 g (95% CI: 55.49, 117.37) reduction in birth weight, and a 35% (EE = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.48) and 29% (EE = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.41) increased risk of LBW and stillbirth respectively.

Conclusion: Combustion of solid fuels at home increases the risk of a wide range of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Access to clean household energy solutions is the surest way to combat HAP and mitigate their adverse effects.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. Flowchart of search strategy and…
Figure 1. Flowchart of search strategy and selection of studies for inclusion in review.
Figure 2. Forest plot showing the effect…
Figure 2. Forest plot showing the effect of household solid fuel use on birth weight (A), low birth weight (B) and Stillbirth (C).
ES: effect size; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 3. Funnel plot for the relation…
Figure 3. Funnel plot for the relation between household solid fuel use and birth weight (A), low birth weight (B) and stillbirth (C).
Figure 4. Filled funnel plot for the…
Figure 4. Filled funnel plot for the relation between household solid fuel use and birth weight (A), low birth weight (B) and stillbirth (C).

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Source: PubMed

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