Lycium barbarum Reduces Abdominal Fat and Improves Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Mayara Zagonel de Souza Zanchet, Geisson Marcos Nardi, Letícia de Oliveira Souza Bratti, Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro, Claudriana Locatelli, Mayara Zagonel de Souza Zanchet, Geisson Marcos Nardi, Letícia de Oliveira Souza Bratti, Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro, Claudriana Locatelli

Abstract

Natural antioxidants present in fruits have attracted considerable interest due to their presumed safety and potential nutritional value. Even though antioxidant activities of many fruits have been reported, the effects of phytochemicals of goji berry (GB) in patients with metabolic syndrome have not been investigated. In this study, we examined anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome after the consumption of GB. The patients were divided into two groups, control (C) and supplemented (S), and followed up for 45 days. Participants were individually instructed to carry out a healthy diet, but additionally, an inclusion of 14 g of the natural form of goji berry in the diet during 45 days for the S group was proposed. After 45 days of study, a significant reduction in transaminases as well as an improvement in lipid profile in the S group was observed. Likewise, a significant reduction in the waist circumference of the S group was observed when compared with that of the C group, and increased glutathione and catalase levels associated with a reduction of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that this is an effective dietary supplement for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Lipid profile of patients with MS in the control group (C) and supplemented group (S) at the beginning, at day 15, and at day 45 after intervention. Total cholesterol (TC, (a)), HDL cholesterol (b), LDL cholesterol (c), and VLDL cholesterol (d) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Biochemical parameters were evaluated before (baseline) and 15 (15C and 15S) and 45 days (45C and 45S) after supplementation. Closed bars (control group—not supplemented) and open bars were supplemented with 14 g of goji berry daily. Values of ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 were considered statistically significant when comparing the baseline time with the end time of intervention in each group, using ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Serum triglycerides and fasting glycemia in patients with MS in the control group (C) and supplemented group (S) at the beginning, at day 15, and at day 45 after intervention. Evaluation of triglycerides (TG, (a)) and glucose (b) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Biochemical parameters were evaluated before (baseline) and 15 (15C and 15S) and 45 days (45C and 45S) after supplementation. Closed bars (control group—not supplemented) and open bars were supplemented with 14 g of goji berry daily. Values of ∗∗∗p < 0.001 were considered statistically significant when comparing the baseline time with the end time of intervention in each group, using ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Hepatic enzyme patients with MS in the control group (C) and supplemented group (S) at the beginning, at day 15, and at day 45 after intervention. Evaluation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in patients with metabolic syndrome. AST (a) and ALT (b) were evaluated before (group baseline) and 15 (15C and 15S) and 45 days (45S) after supplementation with 14 g of goji berry daily. The control group (closed bars) supplemented with goji (open bars). Values of ∗∗∗p < 0.001 were considered statistically significant when comparing the baseline time with the end time of intervention in each group, using ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Oxidative stress variable patients with MS in the control group (C) and supplemented group (S) at the beginning and day 45 after intervention. Evaluation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), blood reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant control, catalase activity (CAT), and measurement of superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in patients with metabolic syndrome. TBARS (a), GSH (b), total antioxidant control (c), and CzAT (d) were evaluated before (baseline) and 45 days after supplementation with 14 g of goji berry daily. Values of ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 were considered statistically significant when comparing the baseline time with the end time of intervention in each group, using ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test.

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