Implication of progranulin and C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) on inflammation and atherosclerosis in subjects with or without metabolic syndrome

Hye Jin Yoo, Soon Young Hwang, Ho Cheol Hong, Hae Yoon Choi, Sae Jeong Yang, Dong Seop Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Matthias Blüher, Byung-Soo Youn, Kyung Mook Choi, Hye Jin Yoo, Soon Young Hwang, Ho Cheol Hong, Hae Yoon Choi, Sae Jeong Yang, Dong Seop Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Matthias Blüher, Byung-Soo Youn, Kyung Mook Choi

Abstract

Objective: Progranulin and C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) were recently discovered as novel adipokines which may link obesity with altered regulation of glucose metabolism, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance.

Research design and methods: We examined circulating progranulin and CTRP3 concentrations in 127 subjects with (n = 44) or without metabolic syndrome (n = 83). Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship of progranulin and CTRP3 levels with inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and adiponectin serum concentrations, as well as carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).

Results: Circulating progranulin levels are significantly related with inflammatory markers, hsCRP (r = 0.30, P = 0.001) and IL-6 (r = 0.30, P = 0.001), whereas CTRP3 concentrations exhibit a significant association with cardiometabolic risk factors, including waist circumference (r = -0.21), diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.21), fasting glucose (r = -0.20), triglyceride (r = -0.34), total cholesterol (r = -0.25), eGFR (r = 0.39) and adiponectin (r = 0.26) levels. Serum progranulin concentrations were higher in patients with metabolic syndrome than those of the control group (199.55 [179.33, 215.53] vs. 185.10 [160.30, 204.90], P = 0.051) and the number of metabolic syndrome components had a significant positive correlation with progranulin levels (r = 0.227, P = 0.010). In multiple regression analysis, IL-6 and triglyceride levels were significant predictors of serum progranulin levels (R(2) = 0.251). Furthermore, serum progranulin level was an independent predictor for increased CIMT in subjects without metabolic syndrome after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors (R(2) = 0.365).

Conclusions: Serum progranulin levels are significantly associated with systemic inflammatory markers and were an independent predictor for atherosclerosis in subjects without metabolic syndrome.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01668888.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: BSY is employed by AdipoGen, Inc. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Figure 1. Serum C1q/TNF-related Protein-3 (CTRP3) (A)…
Figure 1. Serum C1q/TNF-related Protein-3 (CTRP3) (A) and Progranulin Levels (B) According to Number of Metabolic Syndrome Components.

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Source: PubMed

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