The influence of immediately loaded implant treatment in the atrophic edentulous maxilla on oral health related quality of life of edentulous patients: 3-year results of a prospective study

Maria Erkapers, Susanna Segerström, Karl Ekstrand, Russell A Baer, Joseph A Toljanic, Andreas Thor, Maria Erkapers, Susanna Segerström, Karl Ekstrand, Russell A Baer, Joseph A Toljanic, Andreas Thor

Abstract

Background: To evaluate oral health related quality of life (OHQoL) in edentulous patients treated with immediately loaded implants in the maxilla.

Methods: Fifty-one edentulous patients in two centers received six maxillary implants each were loaded within 24 h with provisional restoration. Definitive restoration was delivered 20-24 weeks later. OHQoL was evaluated preoperatively with the Oral Health Impact Profile 49 questionnaire (OHIP-49) and on five subsequent occasions. OHIP-49 includes seven domains representing functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap. A reduction in OHIP scores indicated an improved OHQoL.

Results: Forty-five patients reached the three-year follow up. OHQoL improved after treatment. A plateau of OHQoL improvement was observed at 12 months after surgery. The seven domains improved at different pace, 12 weeks to 12 months after treatment. OHIP showed continuously low scores with no significant changes at consecutive visits 12 months to three years after treatment. Dental status with removable prosthesis in the mandible had a negative impact on OHQoL prior to and during treatment, but did not affect OHQoL after permanent restoration was placed. Patients age or gender did not affect OHQoL.

Conclusions: Patients with edentulous maxilla who received prosthetic rehabilitation on immediately loaded implants experienced the highest improved OHQoL 12 months after implant installation. Quality of life related to oral health continued to be high after three years. Edentulous patients with atrophy of the maxilla experience an improved OHQoL after implant treatment with immediate loading protocol.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00711022 .

Keywords: Dental implants; Edentulous; Health related quality of life; Immediate loading.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The Ethics-Committees of both institutions granted approval for the study: Regionala Etikprövningsnämnden, Uppsala (Ref. no. YA-OSS-0008). Institutional Review Board, Chicago, Illinois (Ref. no. 13790A).

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Total OHIP scores over 3 years. Change in mean values for total OHIP scores over time at six different occasions for each centre and for both centers combined
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The seven domains over 3 years. Mean OHIP scores on six occasions for each domain for the both centers represented as one group

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