A comparative effectiveness study of two culturally competent models of diabetes self-management programming for Latinos from low-income households

Janet Page-Reeves, Lidia Regino, Cristina Murray-Krezan, Molly Bleecker, Erik Erhardt, Mark Burge, Elaine Bearer, Shiraz Mishra, Janet Page-Reeves, Lidia Regino, Cristina Murray-Krezan, Molly Bleecker, Erik Erhardt, Mark Burge, Elaine Bearer, Shiraz Mishra

Abstract

Background: Diabetes risk is extremely high for Latinos from low-income households. Health guidelines recommend that individuals learn strategies to self-manage their diabetes, but getting people to adopt required lifestyle changes is challenging and many people are not able to prevent their pre-diabetes from escalating or effectively control their diabetes. Systematic reviews show that culturally competent self-management programs can significantly improve diabetes outcomes and different models for culturally competent programming have been developed.

Methods: This patient-engaged study will compare the effectiveness of two distinct evidence-based models for culturally competent diabetes health promotion at two sites that serve a large Latino patient population from low-income households: 1) The Diabetes Self-Management Support Empowerment Model, an educational session approach, and 2) The Chronic Care Model, a holistic community-based program. Data collection will involve interviews, focus groups, surveys and assessments of each program; and testing of patient participants for A1c, depression, Body Mass Index (BMI), and chronic stress with hair cortisol levels. We will recruit a total of 240 patient-social support pairs: Patients will be adults (men and women over the age of 18) who: 1.) Enter one of the two diabetes programs during the study; 2.) Self-identify as "Latino;" 3.) Are able to identify a social support person or key member of their social network who also agrees to participate with them; 4.) Are not pregnant (participants who become pregnant during the study will be excluded); and 5.) Have household income 250% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) or below. Social supports will be adults who are identified by the patient participants.

Primary outcome: Improved capacity for diabetes self-management measured through improvements in diabetes knowledge and diabetes-related patient activation.

Secondary outcome: Successful diabetes self-management as measured by improvements in A1c, depression scale scores, BMI, and circulating levels of cortisol to determine chronic stress.

Discussion: Our hypothesis is that the program model that interfaces most synergistically with patients' culture and everyday life circumstances will have the best diabetes health outcomes.

Trial registration: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on December 16, 2016 (Registration # NCT03004664 ).

Keywords: Cultural competency; Diabetes; Hispanic Americans; Low-income; Self-care.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by the Human Research Protections Office (HRPO) which is the ethnics committee for the University of New Mexico (UNM) on October 7, 2016 (HRPO study approval #16–303). The study began recruiting in February 2017. All participants will provide written informed consent.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Conceptual model

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