Prevalence and in-hospital outcomes of diabetes among patients with acute coronary syndrome in China: findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome Project

Mengge Zhou, Jing Liu, Yongchen Hao, Jun Liu, Yong Huo, Sidney C Smith Jr, Junbo Ge, Changsheng Ma, Yaling Han, Gregg C Fonarow, Kathryn A Taubert, Louise Morgan, Na Yang, Yueyan Xing, Dong Zhao, CCC-ACS Investigators, Mengge Zhou, Jing Liu, Yongchen Hao, Jun Liu, Yong Huo, Sidney C Smith Jr, Junbo Ge, Changsheng Ma, Yaling Han, Gregg C Fonarow, Kathryn A Taubert, Louise Morgan, Na Yang, Yueyan Xing, Dong Zhao, CCC-ACS Investigators

Abstract

Background: Guidelines have classified patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and diabetes as a special population, with specific sections presented for the management of these patients considering their extremely high risk. However, in China up-to-date information is lacking regarding the burden of diabetes in patients with ACS and the potential impact of diabetes status on the in-hospital outcomes of these patients. This study aims to provide updated estimation for the burden of diabetes in patients with ACS in China and to evaluate whether diabetes is still associated with excess risks of early mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) for ACS patients.

Methods: The Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-ACS Project was a collaborative study of the American Heart Association and the Chinese Society of Cardiology. A total of 63,450 inpatients with a definitive diagnosis of ACS were included. Prevalence of diabetes was evaluated in the overall study population and subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the association between diabetes and in-hospital outcomes, and a propensity-score-matched analysis was further conducted.

Results: Among these ACS patients, 23,880 (37.6%) had diabetes/possible diabetes. Both STEMI and NSTE-ACS patients had a high prevalence of diabetes/possible diabetes (36.8% versus 39.0%). The prevalence of diabetes/possible diabetes was higher in women (45.0% versus 35.2%, p < 0.001). Even in patients younger than 45 years, 26.9% had diabetes/possible diabetes. While receiving comparable treatments for ACS, diabetes/possible diabetes was associated with a twofold higher risk of all-cause death (adjusted odds ratio 2.04 [95% confidence interval 1.78-2.33]) and a 1.5-fold higher risk of MACCE (adjusted odds ratio 1.54 [95% confidence interval 1.39-1.72]).

Conclusions: Diabetes was highly prevalent in patients with ACS in China. Considerable excess risks for early mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events were found in these patients. Trial registration NCT02306616. Registered December 3, 2014.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; CCC-ACS; Death; Diabetes; Epidemiology; In-hospital outcome; MACCE; Prevalence.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
In-hospital outcomes of ACS patients with and without diabetes. a In-hospital all-cause death of the whole study population. b In-hospital all-cause death of the propensity-score-matched population. c In-hospital MACCE of the whole study population. d In-hospital MACCE of the propensity-score-matched population. MACCE major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Subgroup analysis for the association between diabetes/possible diabetes and in-hospital outcomes. a Association between diabetes/possible diabetes and all-cause death during hospitalization. b Association between diabetes/possible diabetes and MACCE during hospitalization. OR odds ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GRACE Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, ACS acute coronary syndrome, STEMI ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, NSTE-ACS non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, MACCE major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events

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