Associations of Sodium and Potassium with Obesity Measures Among Diverse US Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Tali Elfassy, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Linda Van Horn, Marc Gellman, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Neil Schneiderman, Martha Daviglus, Jeannette M Beasley, Maria M Llabre, Pamela A Shaw, Guillermo Prado, Hermes Florez, Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri, Tali Elfassy, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Linda Van Horn, Marc Gellman, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Neil Schneiderman, Martha Daviglus, Jeannette M Beasley, Maria M Llabre, Pamela A Shaw, Guillermo Prado, Hermes Florez, Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate cross-sectional associations of sodium and potassium with BMI, waist circumference (WC), and body fat and to determine whether the nativity and/or duration of United States (US) residence modified these associations.

Methods: Sodium and potassium were derived from 24-hour diet recalls from 16,156 US participants of the 2008 to 2011 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and from 24-hour urine in 447 HCHS/SOL participants. BMI, WC, and body fat were measured.

Results: Dietary sodium that was 500 mg/d higher was cross-sectionally associated with a 0.07-kg/m2 higher BMI (P < 0.05) and a 0.18-cm larger WC (P = 0.04). Dietary potassium that was 500 mg/d higher was only associated with lower BMI and smaller WC among those who were foreign-born with 10 + years in the US (-0.13 kg/m2 , P < 0.01 and -0.36 cm, P = 0.01, respectively) and among those who were US-born (-0.62 kg/m2 , P < 0.01 and -1.42 cm, P < 0.01, respectively). Urinary sodium that was 500 mg/d higher was associated with a 0.27-kg/m2 higher BMI (P < 0.01) and 0.54 kg more body fat (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Sodium intake was associated with higher BMI, WC, and body fat. Potassium intake was associated with lower BMI and smaller WC among US-born participants and participants with a longer duration of US residence.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02060344.

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures: The authors have no disclosures or conflicts of interests to report.

© 2018 The Obesity Society.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study Flow Chart
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age-standardized mean dietary sodium, sodium density, potassium, potassium density and sodium to potassium ratio by nativity/years in the US, HCHS/SOL. All estimates are age standardized to the US 2010 standard population. *Mean is significantly different compared with US Born (referent group), p

Figure 3

Fully-adjusted associations of dietary potassium,…

Figure 3

Fully-adjusted associations of dietary potassium, potassium density, and sodium to potassium ratio with…

Figure 3
Fully-adjusted associations of dietary potassium, potassium density, and sodium to potassium ratio with body mass index and waist circumference, stratified by nativity/years in the US, HCHS/SOL. Models are adjusted for age, sex, heritage, education, income, language preference, study site, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, alcohol use, depression, physical activity (total METs/week), and energy intake (except for in potassium density models). We modeled 500 mg increments of potassium, 250 mg per 1000 kcal unit increments for potassium density, and 0.50 unit increments of sodium to potassium ratio (mmol/mmol) Foreign Born < 10 years in US Foreign Born 10+ years in US ◆ US born
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fully-adjusted associations of dietary potassium, potassium density, and sodium to potassium ratio with body mass index and waist circumference, stratified by nativity/years in the US, HCHS/SOL. Models are adjusted for age, sex, heritage, education, income, language preference, study site, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, alcohol use, depression, physical activity (total METs/week), and energy intake (except for in potassium density models). We modeled 500 mg increments of potassium, 250 mg per 1000 kcal unit increments for potassium density, and 0.50 unit increments of sodium to potassium ratio (mmol/mmol) Foreign Born < 10 years in US Foreign Born 10+ years in US ◆ US born

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Source: PubMed

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