Investigation of factors that influence pain experienced and the use of pain medication following periodontal surgery

Jennifer R Beaudette, Peter C Fritz, Philip J Sullivan, Assunta Piccini, Wendy E Ward, Jennifer R Beaudette, Peter C Fritz, Philip J Sullivan, Assunta Piccini, Wendy E Ward

Abstract

Aims: To determine the relationship between anticipated pain and actual pain experienced following soft tissue grafting or implant surgery; to identify the factors that predict actual pain experienced and the use of pain medication following soft tissue grafting or implant surgery.

Materials and methods: Prior to dental implant placement (n = 98) or soft tissue grafting (n = 115) and for seven days following the procedure, patients completed a visual analog scale indicating anticipated or experienced pain, respectively. The use of pain medication and alcohol, and smoking were measured.

Results: Actual pain experienced on day 1 was lower (p < .01) than anticipated pain and continued to decrease (p ≤ .01) for each of the 7 consecutive days. Anticipated and actual pain were positively correlated. Increasing age (p < .05), having sedation during the surgery (p < .05), and lower use of pain pills (p < .01) predicted lower pain experienced. Actual pain experienced was a predictor of pain pill use (p < .01). Greater nervousness (p < .01) prior to surgery was a predictor of greater anticipated pain.

Conclusions: Patients anticipated more pain than they actually experienced. Sedation, age and number of pain pills used predicted pain experienced. This trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064178.

Keywords: actual pain; anticipated pain; anxiety; implant surgery; sedation; soft tissue graft; visual analog scale.

© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study design. After recruitment, patients completed the anticipated pain VAS prior to surgery. They were instructed to complete the first day of their diary in the evening of the same day of their surgery and each consecutive day following for a total of 7 days
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean pain rating recorded by patients on VAS. Anticipated pain was measured prior to surgery. Day 1 through day 7 indicates the actual pain experienced post‐surgery. The same day of surgery was considered Day 1
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bivariate correlation between anticipated pain and actual pain (on Day 1 post‐surgery)

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Source: PubMed

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