Worldwide prevalence of rhinitis in adults: A review of definitions and temporal evolution

Marine Savouré, Jean Bousquet, Jouni J K Jaakkola, Maritta S Jaakkola, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Rachel Nadif, Marine Savouré, Jean Bousquet, Jouni J K Jaakkola, Maritta S Jaakkola, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Rachel Nadif

Abstract

Introduction: Although rhinitis is among the most common diseases worldwide, rhinitis prevalence in the general adult population is unclear and definitions differ widely.

Objective: To summarize the literature on rhinitis prevalence in the general adult population and to assess: (1) the prevalence according to different rhinitis definitions overall and in different regions of the world, and (2) the evolution of rhinitis prevalence over time.

Methods: We conducted an extensive literature review of publications including rhinitis prevalence using Pubmed and Scopus databases up to October 2020. We classified the definitions into three categories: unspecified rhinitis, allergic rhinitis (AR), and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR).

Results: Among 5878 articles screened, 184 articles were included, presenting 156 different definitions of rhinitis. Rhinitis prevalence ranged from 1% to 63%. The overall median prevalences of unspecified rhinitis, AR and NAR were 29.4%, 18.1% and 12.0%, and they varied according to the geographical location. Rhinitis prevalence tended to increase over time.

Conclusions: This review highlights the great heterogeneity of the definitions. The majority of studies had focused on AR, while only a few epidemiological data exist on NAR. We found geographical variability in rhinitis prevalence. Most of studies reported an increase of rhinitis prevalence over the last decades.

Keywords: Allergische Rhinitis; Epidemiologie; Nicht-allergische Rhinitis; Prevalenz; Rhinitis; allergic rhinitis; epidemiology; epidemiología; non-allergic rhinitis; prevalence; prevalencia; prévalence; rhinite; rhinite allergique; rhinite non-allergique; rhinitis; rinitis; rinitis alérgica; rinitis no alérgica; épidémiologie.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this study.

© 2022 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Allergy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow diagram showing selection of articles reviewed
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Rhinitis prevalences in different regions of the world. (A) Unspecified rhinitis; (B) allergic rhinitis; (C) non‐allergic rhinitis. The data for continents are presented as follows: median (minimum reported–maximum reported), n = number of reported prevalences. Colored countries are those for which data are available. The darkest countries are those for which the median prevalence is the highest
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Evolution of allergic rhinitis prevalence worldwide over time

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Source: PubMed

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