COVID-19 and Pulmonary Thrombosis-An Unresolved Clinical Puzzle: A Single-Center Cohort Study

Loris Močibob, Frano Šušak, Maja Šitum, Klaudija Višković, Neven Papić, Adriana Vince, Loris Močibob, Frano Šušak, Maja Šitum, Klaudija Višković, Neven Papić, Adriana Vince

Abstract

Pulmonary thrombosis (PT) is a frequent complication of COVID-19. However, the risk factors, predictive scores, and precise diagnostic guidelines on indications for CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) are still lacking. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with PT in patients with COVID-19. We conducted a cohort study of consecutively hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 who underwent CTPA at the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Zagreb, Croatia between 1 April and 31 December 2021. Of 2078 hospitalized patients, 575 (27.6%) underwent CTPA. PT was diagnosed in 178 (30.9%) patients (69.6% males, median age of 61, IQR 50-69 years). The PT group had a higher CRP, LDH, D-dimer, platelets, and CHOD score. PT was more frequent in patients requiring ≥15 L O2/min (25.0% vs. 39.7%). In multivariable analysis, only D-dimer ≥ 1.0 mg/L (OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.12-2.75) and O2 ≥ 15 L (OR 1.89, 95%CI 1.26-2.84) were associated with PT. PT was not associated with in-hospital mortality. In conclusion, our data confirmed a high incidence of PT in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, however, no correlation with traditional risk factors and mortality was found. CTPA should be performed in patients requiring high-flow supplemental oxygen or those with increased D-dimer levels.

Keywords: COVID-19; CTPA; D-dimer; pulmonary angiography; pulmonary thrombosis; venous thromboembolism.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Frequency of patients with PT stratified by the respiratory support level. PT—pulmonary thrombosis, HFNC—high flow nasal cannula, NIV—non-invasive ventilation, IMV—invasive mechanic ventilation, ECMO—extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

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Source: PubMed

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