Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis

O'Grady Mj, Greg A Turner, Sulit A, Frank A Frizelle, Purcell R, O'Grady Mj, Greg A Turner, Sulit A, Frank A Frizelle, Purcell R

Abstract

Aim: The pathogenesis of acute diverticulitis (AD) remains incompletely understood, despite it being one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the colonic microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD.

Method: A prospective case-control study was performed, comparing the microbiome of AD patients with that of controls, using 16S rRNA sequencing of rectal swab samples.

Results: The microbiome of individuals with AD showed lower diversity than that of controls. There were significant compositional differences observed, with a lower abundance of commensal bacterial families and genera such as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in AD patients compared with controls, and there was an increase in several genera with known pathogenic roles including Fusobacteria, Prevotella and Paraprevotella.

Conclusion: This is the largest study to date to examine the microbiota of AD patients, and adds evidence to the proposed hypothesis that alterations in the colonic microbiome play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.

Keywords: acute diverticulitis; colonic Mircobiome treatment; microbiom.

Conflict of interest statement

No conflict of interest declared for any author.

© 2022 The Authors. Colorectal Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Observed (A) and Shannon (B) alpha diversities between acute diverticulitis and controls. p‐value: *<0.05; **≤0.01; ***≤0.001.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Observed (A) and Shannon (B) alpha diversities between uncomplicated, complicated and control groups. p‐value: *<0.05; **≤0.01; ***≤0.001.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Principal component (PC) analysis using PC1 and PC2 showing separation between (A) acute diverticulitis (AD) and control groups and (B) complicated, uncomplicated, and control groups.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Relative abundance of phyla (A) between acute diverticulitis (AD) and controls and (B) between complicated AD, uncomplicated AD and controls, expressed as a percentage of the total taxonomic composition for each individual included in the study.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Log2 fold‐change of differentially abundant genera between acute diverticulitis (AD) and controls (left), and normalized abundances per sample in a group (right). Counts are DESeq2 normalized counts with an additional pseudocount of 0.5.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Violin plot demonstrating examples of differentially abundant genera comparing controls, uncomplicated acute diverticulitis (AD) and complicated AD with log2 fold‐change [p‐adjusted values].

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Source: PubMed

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