(-)-Linalool influence on the cerebral blood flow in healthy male volunteers revealed by three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling

Miho Ota, Noriko Sato, Daichi Sone, Jun Ogura, Hiroshi Kunugi, Miho Ota, Noriko Sato, Daichi Sone, Jun Ogura, Hiroshi Kunugi

Abstract

Background: Although aromatherapy is widely used, the pharmacology of the essential oils remains undiscovered.

Aim: The present study assessed the effect of (-)-linalool, the main contained material of lavender, on the brain function.

Materials and methods: Healthy male volunteers calculated the regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after inhalation of (-)-linalool, and CBF changes were evaluated.

Results: There were significant CBF reductions in the right superior temporal gyrus to insula, anterior cingulate cortex after inhalation.

Conclusions: The previous study detected the regulatory influence of (-)-linalool on the glutamatergic transmission. The effect of (-)-linalool on the ACC and insula would cause the sedative and anxiolytic activity.

Keywords: (−)-linalool; Aromatherapy; glutamatergic transmission; lavender; pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling.

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cerebral blood flow changes before and after the inhalation of (−)-linalool. There were significant cerebral blood flow reductions in superior temporal gyrus to insula and anterior cingulate cortex after the exposure to (−)-linalool

References

    1. Perry N, Perry E. Aromatherapy in the management of psychiatric disorders: Clinical and neuropharmacological perspectives. CNS Drugs. 2006;20:257–80.
    1. Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L, Jäger W, Plank C, Dietrich H. Fragrance compounds and essential oils with sedative effects upon inhalation. J Pharm Sci. 1993;82:660–4.
    1. Elisabetsky E, Souza GP, Santos MA, Siqueira IR, Amador TA. Sedative properties of linalool. Fitoterapia. 1995;15:407–14.
    1. Kuroda K, Inoue N, Ito Y, Kubota K, Sugimoto A, Kakuda T, et al. Sedative effects of the jasmine tea odor and (R)-(-)-linalool, one of its major odor components, on autonomic nerve activity and mood states. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;95:107–14.
    1. Ota M, Sato N, Nakata Y, Ito K, Kamiya K, Maikusa N, et al. Abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in multiple sclerosis: A pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MRI study. Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;31:990–5.
    1. Ashburner J. A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm. Neuroimage. 2007;38:95–113.
    1. Elisabetsky E, Brum LF, Souza DO. Anticonvulsant properties of linalool in glutamate-related seizure models. Phytomedicine. 1999;6:107–13.
    1. Brum LF, Elisabetsky E, Souza D. Effects of linalool on [3H]MK801 and [3H] muscimol binding in mouse cortical membranes. Phytother Res. 2001;15:422–5.
    1. Itoh M, Sasaki T, Duan X, Watanabe K, Seto S, Yashushi M, et al. Physiological study on the effects of lavender aroma. J Int Soc Life Inf Sci. 2004;22:109–12.
    1. Duan X, Tashiro M, Wu D, Yambe T, Wang Q, Sasaki T, et al. Autonomic nervous function and localization of cerebral activity during lavender aromatic immersion. Technol Health Care. 2007;15:69–78.
    1. Meisami E, Mikhail L, Baim D, Bhatnagar KP. Human olfactory bulb: Aging of glomeruli and mitral cells and a search for the accessory olfactory bulb. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;855:708–15.
    1. Soudry Y, Lemogne C, Malinvaud D, Consoli SM, Bonfils P. Olfactory system and emotion: common substrates. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2011;128:18–23.
    1. Soudry Y, Lemogne C, Malinvaud D, Consoli SM, Bonfils P. Olfactory system and emotion: common substrates. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2011;128:18–23.
    1. Bush G, Luu P, Posner MI. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn Sci. 2000;4:215–22.
    1. Moss M, Cook J, Wesnes K, Duckett P. Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. Int J Neurosci. 2003;113:15–38.
    1. Reiman EM, Fusselman MJ, Fox PT, Raichle ME. Neuroanatomical correlates of anticipatory anxiety. Science. 1989;24(243):1071–4.
    1. Reiman EM, Raichle ME, Robins E, Mintun MA, Fusselman MJ, Fox PT, et al. Neuroanatomical correlates of a lactate-induced anxiety attack. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:493–500.
    1. Bergink V, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG. Glutamate and anxiety. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004;14:175–83.
    1. Doty RL. Olfaction. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:423–52.

Source: PubMed

Szponzorok és közreműködők

Egészségi állapot

Kábítószer-beavatkozások

3
Iratkozz fel