State-of-the-art polymeric nanoparticles as promising therapeutic tools against human bacterial infections

Amanda Cano, Miren Ettcheto, Marta Espina, Ana López-Machado, Yolanda Cajal, Francesc Rabanal, Elena Sánchez-López, Antonio Camins, Maria Luisa García, Eliana B Souto, Amanda Cano, Miren Ettcheto, Marta Espina, Ana López-Machado, Yolanda Cajal, Francesc Rabanal, Elena Sánchez-López, Antonio Camins, Maria Luisa García, Eliana B Souto

Abstract

Infectious diseases kill over 17 million people a year, among which bacterial infections stand out. From all the bacterial infections, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, meningitis, pneumonia, sexual transmission diseases and nosocomial infections are the most severe bacterial infections, which affect millions of people worldwide. Moreover, the indiscriminate use of antibiotic drugs in the last decades has triggered an increasing multiple resistance towards these drugs, which represent a serious global socioeconomic and public health risk. It is estimated that 33,000 and 35,000 people die yearly in Europe and the United States, respectively, as a direct result of antimicrobial resistance. For all these reasons, there is an emerging need to find novel alternatives to overcome these issues and reduced the morbidity and mortality associated to bacterial infectious diseases. In that sense, nanotechnological approaches, especially smart polymeric nanoparticles, has wrought a revolution in this field, providing an innovative therapeutic alternative able to improve the limitations encountered in available treatments and capable to be effective by theirselves. In this review, we examine the current status of most dangerous human infections, together with an in-depth discussion of the role of nanomedicine to overcome the current disadvantages, and specifically the most recent and innovative studies involving polymeric nanoparticles against most common bacterial infections of the human body.

Keywords: Bacterial infections; Infectious diseases; Nanomedicine; Nanotechnology; Polymeric nanoparticles.

Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors has any conflicts of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations. All authors have reviewed the contents of the manuscript being submitted and approved its contents.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Most common human bacterial infections
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Main improvements brought by nanoparticles for the antibacterial therapy

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Source: PubMed

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