Persuasive system design does matter: a systematic review of adherence to web-based interventions

Saskia M Kelders, Robin N Kok, Hans C Ossebaard, Julia E W C Van Gemert-Pijnen, Saskia M Kelders, Robin N Kok, Hans C Ossebaard, Julia E W C Van Gemert-Pijnen

Abstract

Background: Although web-based interventions for promoting health and health-related behavior can be effective, poor adherence is a common issue that needs to be addressed. Technology as a means to communicate the content in web-based interventions has been neglected in research. Indeed, technology is often seen as a black-box, a mere tool that has no effect or value and serves only as a vehicle to deliver intervention content. In this paper we examine technology from a holistic perspective. We see it as a vital and inseparable aspect of web-based interventions to help explain and understand adherence.

Objective: This study aims to review the literature on web-based health interventions to investigate whether intervention characteristics and persuasive design affect adherence to a web-based intervention.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies into web-based health interventions. Per intervention, intervention characteristics, persuasive technology elements and adherence were coded. We performed a multiple regression analysis to investigate whether these variables could predict adherence.

Results: We included 101 articles on 83 interventions. The typical web-based intervention is meant to be used once a week, is modular in set-up, is updated once a week, lasts for 10 weeks, includes interaction with the system and a counselor and peers on the web, includes some persuasive technology elements, and about 50% of the participants adhere to the intervention. Regarding persuasive technology, we see that primary task support elements are most commonly employed (mean 2.9 out of a possible 7.0). Dialogue support and social support are less commonly employed (mean 1.5 and 1.2 out of a possible 7.0, respectively). When comparing the interventions of the different health care areas, we find significant differences in intended usage (p=.004), setup (p<.001), updates (p<.001), frequency of interaction with a counselor (p<.001), the system (p=.003) and peers (p=.017), duration (F=6.068, p=.004), adherence (F=4.833, p=.010) and the number of primary task support elements (F=5.631, p=.005). Our final regression model explained 55% of the variance in adherence. In this model, a RCT study as opposed to an observational study, increased interaction with a counselor, more frequent intended usage, more frequent updates and more extensive employment of dialogue support significantly predicted better adherence.

Conclusions: Using intervention characteristics and persuasive technology elements, a substantial amount of variance in adherence can be explained. Although there are differences between health care areas on intervention characteristics, health care area per se does not predict adherence. Rather, the differences in technology and interaction predict adherence. The results of this study can be used to make an informed decision about how to design a web-based intervention to which patients are more likely to adhere.

Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of study selection.

References

    1. Barak A, Klein B, Proudfoot JG. Defining internet-supported therapeutic interventions. Ann Behav Med. 2009 Aug;38(1):4–17. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9130-7.
    1. Barak A, Hen L, Boniel-Nissim M, Shapira N. A Comprehensive Review and a Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Internet-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services. 2008;26(2/4):109–160. doi: 10.1080/15228830802094429.
    1. Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Andersson G. Internet-administered cognitive behavior therapy for health problems: a systematic review. J Behav Med. 2008 Apr;31(2):169–77. doi: 10.1007/s10865-007-9144-1.
    1. Spek V, Cuijpers P, Nyklícek I, Riper H, Keyzer J, Pop V. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2007 Mar;37(3):319–28. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706008944.S0033291706008944
    1. Wantland DJ, Portillo CJ, Holzemer WL, Slaughter R, McGhee EM. The effectiveness of Web-based vs. non-Web-based interventions: a meta-analysis of behavioral change outcomes. J Med Internet Res. 2004 Nov 10;6(4):e40. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6.4.e40. v6e40
    1. Vandelanotte C, Spathonis KM, Eakin EG, Owen N. Website-delivered physical activity interventions a review of the literature. Am J Prev Med. 2007 Jul;33(1):54–64. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.041.S0749-3797(07)00164-X
    1. Webb TL, Joseph J, Yardley L, Michie S. Using the internet to promote health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(1):e4. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1376. v12i1e4
    1. Norman GJ, Zabinski MF, Adams MA, Rosenberg DE, Yaroch AL, Atienza AA. A review of eHealth interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change. Am J Prev Med. 2007 Oct;33(4):336–345. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.05.007.S0749-3797(07)00363-7
    1. Neve M, Morgan PJ, Jones PR, Collins CE. Effectiveness of web-based interventions in achieving weight loss and weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2010 Apr;11(4):306–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00646.x.OBR646
    1. Black AD, Car J, Pagliari C, Anandan C, Cresswell K, Bokun T, McKinstry B, Procter R, Majeed A, Sheikh A. The impact of eHealth on the quality and safety of health care: a systematic overview. PLoS Med. 2011;8(1):e1000387. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000387.
    1. Kelders SM, Van Gemert-Pijnen JE, Werkman A, Nijland N, Seydel ER. Effectiveness of a Web-based intervention aimed at healthy dietary and physical activity behavior: a randomized controlled trial about users and usage. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(2):e32. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1624. v13i2e32
    1. van Gemert-Pijnen JE, Nijland N, van Limburg M, Ossebaard HC, Kelders SM, Eysenbach G, Seydel ER. A holistic framework to improve the uptake and impact of eHealth technologies. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(4):e111. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1672. v13i4e111
    1. Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Farrer L. Adherence in internet interventions for anxiety and depression. J Med Internet Res. 2009;11(2):e13. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1194. v11i2e13
    1. Cugelman B, Thelwall M, Dawes P. Online interventions for social marketing health behavior change campaigns: a meta-analysis of psychological architectures and adherence factors. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):e17. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1367. v13i1e17
    1. Eysenbach G. The law of attrition. J Med Internet Res. 2005;7(1):e11. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7.1.e11. v7e11
    1. Neil AL, Batterham P, Christensen H, Bennett K, Griffiths KM. Predictors of adherence by adolescents to a cognitive behavior therapy website in school and community-based settings. J Med Internet Res. 2009;11(1):e6. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1050. v11i1e6
    1. Wangberg SC, Bergmo TS, Johnsen JA. Adherence in Internet-based interventions. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2008;2:57–65.
    1. Donkin L, Christensen H, Naismith SL, Neal B, Hickie IB, Glozier N. A systematic review of the impact of adherence on the effectiveness of e-therapies. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(3):e52. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1772. v13i3e52
    1. Manwaring JL, Bryson SW, Goldschmidt AB, Winzelberg AJ, Luce KH, Cunning D, Wilfley DE, Taylor CB. Do adherence variables predict outcome in an online program for the prevention of eating disorders? J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):341–6. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.341.2008-03290-015
    1. Barofsky I. Compliance, adherence and the therapeutic alliance: steps in the development of self-care. Soc Sci Med. 1978 Sep;12(5A):369–76.
    1. Aronson JK. Compliance, concordance, adherence. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;63(4):383–4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02893.x.BCP2893
    1. Neve MJ, Collins CE, Morgan PJ. Dropout, nonusage attrition, and pretreatment predictors of nonusage attrition in a commercial Web-based weight loss program. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(4):e69. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1640. v12i4e69
    1. Danaher BG, Seeley JR. Methodological issues in research on web-based behavioral interventions. Ann Behav Med. 2009 Aug;38(1):28–39. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9129-0.
    1. Fogg BJ. Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann; 2003.
    1. Chen F, Hekler E, Hu J, Li S, Zhao C. Designing for context-aware health self-monitoring, feedback, and engagement. ACM Conference on Computer Supportive Cooperative Work; March 2011; Hangzhou, China. 2011. pp. 19–23.
    1. Halko S, Kientz J. Personality and Persuasive Technology: An Exploratory Study on Health-Promoting Mobile Applications. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Persuasive Technology; 5th International Conference on Persuasive Technology; June 2010; Copenhagen, Denmark. 2010. pp. 7–10.
    1. Purpura S, Schwanda V, Williams K, Stubler W, Sengers P. Fit4life: the design of a persuasive technology promoting healthy behavior and ideal weight. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; May 2011; Vancouver. 2011. pp. 7–12.
    1. Toscos T, Faber A, An S, Gandhi MP. Chick clique: persuasive technology to motivate teenage girls to exercise. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; Aprill 2006; Montreal. Quebec, Canada: 2006. pp. 24–27.
    1. Brouwer W, Kroeze W, Crutzen R, de Nooijer J, de Vries NK, Brug J, Oenema A. Which intervention characteristics are related to more exposure to internet-delivered healthy lifestyle promotion interventions? A systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):e2. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1639. v13i1e2
    1. Schubart JR, Stuckey HL, Ganeshamoorthy A, Sciamanna CN. Chronic health conditions and internet behavioral interventions: a review of factors to enhance user engagement. Comput Inform Nurs. 2011 Feb;29(2 Suppl):TC9–20. doi: 10.1097/NCN.0b013e3182155274.00024665-201102001-00004
    1. Oinas-Kukkonen H, Harjumaa M. Persuasive Systems Design: Key Issues, Process Model, and System Features. Commun Assoc Inf Syst. 2009;24(1):28.
    1. Lehto T, Oinas-Kukkonen H. Persuasive features in web-based alcohol and smoking interventions: a systematic review of the literature. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(3):e46. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1559. v13i3e46
    1. Wentzel MJ, Karreman J, Van Gemert-Pijnen JE. Tutorial: data extraction for systematic reviews. Forthcoming. 2013
    1. Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Korten AE, Brittliffe K, Groves C. A comparison of changes in anxiety and depression symptoms of spontaneous users and trial participants of a cognitive behavior therapy website. J Med Internet Res. 2004 Dec 22;6(4):e46. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6.4.e46. v6e46
    1. Kreuter M. Tailoring health messages: customizing communication with computer technology. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2000.
    1. Noar SM, Benac CN, Harris MS. Does tailoring matter? Meta-analytic review of tailored print health behavior change interventions. Psychol Bull. 2007 Jul;133(4):673–93. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.673.2007-09203-006
    1. Abraham C, Michie S. A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychol. 2008 May;27(3):379–87. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.379.2008-08834-010
    1. Elder JP, Ayala GX, Harris S. Theories and intervention approaches to health-behavior change in primary care. Am J Prev Med. 1999 Nov;17(4):275–84.S074937979900094X
    1. Fry JP, Neff RA. Periodic prompts and reminders in health promotion and health behavior interventions: systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2009;11(2):e16. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1138. v11i2e16
    1. Deterding S, Dixon D, Khaled R. Toward a Definition. ACM CHI Gamification Workshop; May 2011; Vancouver. 2011. pp. 7–12.
    1. Wang H, Sun CT. Game Reward Systems: Gaming Experiences and Social Meanings. 5th DiGRA Conference: Think Design Play; September 2011; Hilversum, The Netherlands. 2011. pp. 14–17.
    1. van Dam HA, van der Horst FG, Knoops L, Ryckman RM, Crebolder HF, van den Borne BH. Social support in diabetes: a systematic review of controlled intervention studies. Patient Educ Couns. 2005 Oct;59(1):1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2004.11.001.S0738-3991(04)00365-9
    1. White M, Dorman SM. Receiving social support online: implications for health education. Health Educ Res. 2001 Dec;16(6):693–707.
    1. Mohr DC, Cuijpers P, Lehman K. Supportive accountability: a model for providing human support to enhance adherence to eHealth interventions. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):e30. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1602. v13i1e30
    1. van den Berg MH, Ronday HK, Peeters AJ, Voogt-van der Harst EM, Munneke M, Breedveld FC, Vliet Vlieland TP. Engagement and satisfaction with an Internet-based physical activity intervention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007 Mar;46(3):545–52. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel341. kel341
    1. Mohr DC, Duffecy J, Jin L, Ludman EJ, Lewis A, Begale M, McCarthy M. Multimodal e-mental health treatment for depression: a feasibility trial. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(5):e48. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1370. v12i5e48
    1. Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, Carlbring P, Eriksson T, Andersson G. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behav Res Ther. 2010 May;48(5):368–76. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.01.005.S0005-7967(10)00006-9
    1. Carrard I, Crépin C, Rouget P, Lam T, Golay A, Van der Linden M. Randomised controlled trial of a guided self-help treatment on the Internet for binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2011 Aug;49(8):482–91. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.05.004.S0005-7967(11)00105-7
    1. Spence J, Titov N, Dear BF, Johnston L, Solley K, Lorian C, Wootton B, Zou J, Schwenke G. Randomized controlled trial of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Jul;28(7):541–50. doi: 10.1002/da.20835.
    1. Hedman E, Andersson G, Andersson E, Ljótsson B, Rück C, Asmundson GJ, Lindefors N. Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for severe health anxiety: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;198(3):230–6. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.086843. 198/3/230
    1. Gerrits RS, van der Zanden RAP, Visscher RFM, Conijn BP. Master your mood online: A preventive chat group intervention for adolescents. Advances in Mental Health. 2007;6(3):152–11. doi: 10.5172/jamh.6.3.152.
    1. Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: randomized controlled trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2009 Jun;43(6):571–8. doi: 10.1080/00048670902873722.911151658
    1. Aydos L, Titov N, Andrews G. Shyness 5: the clinical effectiveness of Internet-based clinician-assisted treatment of social phobia. Australas Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;17(6):488–492. doi: 10.1080/10398560903284943.
    1. Titov N, Andrews G, Choi I, Schwencke G, Mahoney A. Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;42(12):1030–40. doi: 10.1080/00048670802512107.905606265
    1. Titov N, Andrews G, Schwencke G, Drobny J, Einstein D. Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008 Jul;42(7):585–94. doi: 10.1080/00048670802119762.794820327
    1. Titov N, Andrews G, Schwencke G. Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008 Jul;42(7):595–605. doi: 10.1080/00048670802119820.794820392
    1. van Wier MF, Ariëns GA, Dekkers JC, Hendriksen IJ, Smid T, van Mechelen W. Phone and e-mail counselling are effective for weight management in an overweight working population: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:6. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-6. 1471-2458-9-6
    1. Ljótsson B, Falk L, Vesterlund AW, Hedman E, Lindfors P, Rück C, Hursti T, Andréewitch S, Jansson L, Lindefors N, Andersson G. Internet-delivered exposure and mindfulness based therapy for irritable bowel syndrome--a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2010 Jun;48(6):531–9. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.003.S0005-7967(10)00037-9
    1. Goessens BM, Visseren FL, de Nooijer J, van den Borne HW, Algra A, Wierdsma J, van der Graaf Y. A pilot-study to identify the feasibility of an Internet-based coaching programme for changing the vascular risk profile of high-risk patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2008 Oct;73(1):67–72. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.06.004.S0738-3991(08)00278-4
    1. McTigue KM, Conroy MB, Hess R, Bryce CL, Fiorillo AB, Fischer GS, Milas NC, Simkin-Silverman LR. Using the internet to translate an evidence-based lifestyle intervention into practice. Telemed J E Health. 2009 Nov;15(9):851–8. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2009.0036.
    1. McCabe M, Price E. Internet-based psychological and oral medical treatment compared to psychological treatment alone for ED. J Sex Med. 2008 Oct;5(10):2338–46. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00885.x.JSM885
    1. Lorig KR, Ritter PL, Laurent DD, Plant K. Internet-based chronic disease self-management: a randomized trial. Med Care. 2006 Nov;44(11):964–71. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000233678.80203.c1.00005650-200611000-00002
    1. An LC, Klatt C, Perry CL, Lein EB, Hennrikus DJ, Pallonen UE, Bliss RL, Lando HA, Farley DM, Ahluwalia JS, Ehlinger EP. The RealU online cessation intervention for college smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med. 2008 Aug;47(2):194–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.04.011.S0091-7435(08)00212-0
    1. Spence SH, Donovan CL, March S, Gamble A, Anderson RE, Prosser S, Kenardy J. A randomized controlled trial of online versus clinic-based CBT for adolescent anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Oct;79(5):629–42. doi: 10.1037/a0024512.2011-14202-001
    1. Titov N, Andrews G, Schwencke G, Robinson E, Peters L, Spence J. Randomized controlled trial of Internet cognitive behavioural treatment for social phobia with and without motivational enhancement strategies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010 Oct;44(10):938–45. doi: 10.3109/00048674.2010.493859.
    1. March S, Spence SH, Donovan CL. The efficacy of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention for child anxiety disorders. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Jun;34(5):474–87. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn099. jsn099
    1. Bennett GG, Herring SJ, Puleo E, Stein EK, Emmons KM, Gillman MW. Web-based weight loss in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010 Feb;18(2):308–13. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.242. oby2009242
    1. Buller DB, Woodall WG, Zimmerman DE, Slater MD, Heimendinger J, Waters E, Hines JM, Starling R, Hau B, Burris-Woodall P, Davis GS, Saba L, Cutter GR. Randomized trial on the 5 a day, the Rio Grande Way Website, a web-based program to improve fruit and vegetable consumption in rural communities. J Health Commun. 2008;13(3):230–49. doi: 10.1080/10810730801985285.793261566
    1. Cussler EC, Teixeira PJ, Going SB, Houtkooper LB, Metcalfe LL, Blew RM, Ricketts JR, Lohman J, Stanford VA, Lohman TG. Maintenance of weight loss in overweight middle-aged women through the Internet. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008 May;16(5):1052–60. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.19. oby200819
    1. Glasgow RE, Christiansen SM, Kurz D, King DK, Woolley T, Faber AJ, Estabrooks PA, Strycker L, Toobert D, Dickman J. Engagement in a diabetes self-management website: usage patterns and generalizability of program use. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):e9. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1391. v13i1e9
    1. Liebreich T, Plotnikoff RC, Courneya KS, Boulé N. Diabetes NetPLAY: A physical activity website and linked email counselling randomized intervention for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2009;6:18. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-18. 1479-5868-6-18
    1. Titov N, Andrews G, Choi I, Schwencke G, Johnston L. Randomized controlled trial of web-based treatment of social phobia without clinician guidance. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(10):913–919. doi: 10.1080/00048670903179160.
    1. Titov N, Andrews G, Schwencke G, Solley K, Johnston L, Robinson E. An RCT comparing effect of two types of support on severity of symptoms for people completing Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for social phobia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(10):920–926. doi: 10.1080/00048670903179228.
    1. Woodall WG, Buller DB, Saba L, Zimmerman D, Waters E, Hines JM, Cutter GR, Starling R. Effect of emailed messages on return use of a nutrition education website and subsequent changes in dietary behavior. J Med Internet Res. 2007;9(3):e27. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9.3.e27. v9i3e27
    1. Thompson D, Baranowski T, Cullen K, Watson K, Canada A, Bhatt R, Liu Y, Zakeri I. Food, Fun and Fitness Internet program for girls: influencing log-on rate. Health Educ Res. 2008 Apr;23(2):228–37. doi: 10.1093/her/cym020. cym020
    1. Stevens VJ, Funk KL, Brantley PJ, Erlinger TP, Myers VH, Champagne CM, Bauck A, Samuel-Hodge CD, Hollis JF. Design and implementation of an interactive website to support long-term maintenance of weight loss. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(1):e1. doi: 10.2196/jmir.931. v10i1e1
    1. van Bastelaar K, Cuijpers P, Pouwer F, Riper H, Snoek FJ. Development and reach of a web-based cognitive behavioural therapy programme to reduce symptoms of depression and diabetes-specific distress. Patient Educ Couns. 2011 Jul;84(1):49–55. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.06.013.S0738-3991(10)00372-1
    1. Proudfoot J, Klein B, Barak A, Carlbring P, Cuijpers P, Lange A, Ritterband L, Andersson G. Establishing Guidelines for Executing and Reporting Internet Intervention Research. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(2):82–97. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2011.573807.
    1. van den Berg MH, Ronday HK, Peeters AJ, le Cessie S, van der Giesen FJ, Breedveld FC, Vliet Vlieland TP. Using internet technology to deliver a home-based physical activity intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Dec 15;55(6):935–45. doi: 10.1002/art.22339.
    1. Stinson JN, McGrath PJ, Hodnett ED, Feldman BM, Duffy CM, Huber AM, Tucker LB, Hetherington CR, Tse SM, Spiegel LR, Campillo S, Gill NK, White ME. An internet-based self-management program with telephone support for adolescents with arthritis: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Rheumatol. 2010 Sep;37(9):1944–52. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.091327.jrheum.091327
    1. Lelieveld OT, Armbrust W, Geertzen JH, de Graaf I, van Leeuwen MA, Sauer PJ, van Weert E, Bouma J. Promoting physical activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis through an internet-based program: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010 May;62(5):697–703. doi: 10.1002/acr.20085.
    1. Schulz PJ, Rubinelli S, Zufferey MC, Hartung U. Coping With Chronic Lower Back Pain: Designing and Testing the Online Tool ONESELF. J Comput Mediat Commun. 2010;15(4):625–645. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01509.x.
    1. Long AC, Palermo TM. Brief report: Web-based management of adolescent chronic pain: development and usability testing of an online family cognitive behavioral therapy program. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Jun;34(5):511–6. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn082. jsn082
    1. Palermo TM, Wilson AC, Peters M, Lewandowski A, Somhegyi H. Randomized controlled trial of an Internet-delivered family cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention for children and adolescents with chronic pain. Pain. 2009 Nov;146(1-2):205–13. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.07.034.S0304-3959(09)00419-9
    1. Goessens BMB, Visseren FLJ, Geerts AC, Wierdsma J, van den Borne HW, Algra A, van der Graaf Y. Self-management of vascular patients activated by the Internet and nurses: Rationale and design. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Persuasive Technology; 2006; Eindhoven, The Netherlands. 2006. pp. 18–19.
    1. Mulvaney SA, Rothman RL, Wallston KA, Lybarger C, Dietrich MS. An internet-based program to improve self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):602–4. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1881.dc09-1881
    1. van Bastelaar KM, Pouwer F, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Snoek FJ. Web-based depression treatment for type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2011 Feb;34(2):320–5. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1248.dc10-1248
    1. DiIorio C, Escoffery C, McCarty F, Yeager KA, Henry TR, Koganti A, Reisinger EL, Wexler B. Evaluation of WebEase: an epilepsy self-management Web site. Health Educ Res. 2009 Apr;24(2):185–97. doi: 10.1093/her/cyn012. cyn012
    1. McCabe MP, Price E. Attrition from an internet-based psychological intervention for erectile dysfunction: who is likely to drop out? J Sex Marital Ther. 2009;35(5):391–401. doi: 10.1080/00926230903065963.914431220
    1. Dew MA, Goycoolea JM, Harris RC, Lee A, Zomak R, Dunbar-Jacob J, Rotondi A, Griffith BP, Kormos RL. An internet-based intervention to improve psychosocial outcomes in heart transplant recipients and family caregivers: development and evaluation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004 Jun;23(6):745–58.
    1. Sorbi MJ, van der Vaart R. User acceptance of an Internet training aid for migraine self-management. J Telemed Telecare. 2010;16(1):20–4. doi: 10.1258/jtt.2009.001007.16/1/20
    1. Lorig KR, Ritter PL, Dost A, Plant K, Laurent DD, McNeil I. The Expert Patients Programme online, a 1-year study of an Internet-based self-management programme for people with long-term conditions. Chronic Illn. 2008 Dec;4(4):247–56. doi: 10.1177/1742395308098886.4/4/247
    1. Andersson G, Strömgren T, Ström L, Lyttkens L. Randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for distress associated with tinnitus. Psychosom Med. 2002;64(5):810–6.
    1. Buis LR, Poulton TA, Holleman RG, Sen A, Resnick PJ, Goodrich DE, Palma-Davis L, Richardson CR. Evaluating Active U: an Internet-mediated physical activity program. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:331. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-331. 1471-2458-9-331
    1. Thompson D, Baranowski J, Cullen K, Baranowski T. Development of a theory-based internet program promoting maintenance of diet and physical activity change to 8-year-old African American girls. Computers & Education. 2007 Apr;48(3):446–459. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2005.02.005.
    1. Baranowski T, Baranowski JC, Cullen KW, Thompson DI, Nicklas T, Zakeri IE, Rochon J. The Fun, Food, and Fitness Project (FFFP): the Baylor GEMS pilot study. Ethn Dis. 2003;13(1 Suppl 1):S30–9.
    1. Brouwer W, Oenema A, Raat H, Crutzen R, de Nooijer J, de Vries NK, Brug J. Characteristics of visitors and revisitors to an Internet-delivered computer-tailored lifestyle intervention implemented for use by the general public. Health Educ Res. 2010 Aug;25(4):585–95. doi: 10.1093/her/cyp063. cyp063
    1. Brendryen H, Drozd F, Kraft P. A digital smoking cessation program delivered through internet and cell phone without nicotine replacement (happy ending): randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(5):e51. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1005. v10i5e51
    1. Brendryen H, Kraft P. Happy ending: a randomized controlled trial of a digital multi-media smoking cessation intervention. Addiction. 2008 Mar;103(3):478–84; discussion 485. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02119.x.ADD2119
    1. Lenert L, Muñoz RF, Stoddard J, Delucchi K, Bansod A, Skoczen S, Pérez-Stable EJ. Design and pilot evaluation of an internet smoking cessation program. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2003;10(1):16–20.
    1. Balmford J, Borland R, Benda P. Patterns of use of an automated interactive personalized coaching program for smoking cessation. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(5):e54. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1016. v10i5e54
    1. Graham AL, Cobb NK, Raymond L, Sill S, Young J. Effectiveness of an internet-based worksite smoking cessation intervention at 12 months. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 Aug;49(8):821–8. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3180d09e6f.00043764-200708000-00001
    1. Saul JE, Schillo BA, Evered S, Luxenberg MG, Kavanaugh A, Cobb N, An LC. Impact of a statewide Internet-based tobacco cessation intervention. J Med Internet Res. 2007;9(3):e28. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9.4.e28. v9i4e28
    1. Cobb NK, Graham AL, Bock BC, Papandonatos G, Abrams DB. Initial evaluation of a real-world Internet smoking cessation system. Nicotine Tob Res. 2005 Apr;7(2):207–16. doi: 10.1080/14622200500055319.M751036L54TH3674
    1. An LC, Perry CL, Lein EB, Klatt C, Farley DM, Bliss RL, Hennrikus DJ, Pallonen UE, Lando HA, Ahluwalia JS, Ehlinger EP. Strategies for increasing adherence to an online smoking cessation intervention for college students. Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Dec;8 Suppl 1:S7–12.
    1. Hunter CM, Peterson AL, Alvarez LM, Poston WC, Brundige AR, Haddock CK, Van Brunt DL, Foreyt JP. Weight management using the internet: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Feb;34(2):119–26. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.026.S0749-3797(07)00646-0
    1. Meenan RT, Stevens VJ, Funk K, Bauck A, Jerome GJ, Lien LF, Appel L, Hollis JF, Brantley PJ, Svetkey LP. Development and implementation cost analysis of telephone- and Internet-based interventions for the maintenance of weight loss. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2009 Jul;25(3):400–10. doi: 10.1017/S0266462309990018.S0266462309990018
    1. Svetkey LP, Stevens VJ, Brantley PJ, Appel LJ, Hollis JF, Loria CM, Vollmer WM, Gullion CM, Funk K, Smith P, Samuel-Hodge C, Myers V, Lien LF, Laferriere D, Kennedy B, Jerome GJ, Heinith F, Harsha DW, Evans P, Erlinger TP, Dalcin AT, Coughlin J, Charleston J, Champagne CM, Bauck A, Ard JD, Aicher K. Comparison of strategies for sustaining weight loss: the weight loss maintenance randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Mar 12;299(10):1139–48. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.10.1139.299/10/1139
    1. Funk KL, Stevens VJ, Appel LJ, Bauck A, Brantley PJ, Champagne CM, Coughlin J, Dalcin AT, Harvey-Berino J, Hollis JF, Jerome GJ, Kennedy BM, Lien LF, Myers VH, Samuel-Hodge C, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM. Associations of internet website use with weight change in a long-term weight loss maintenance program. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(3):e29. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1504. v12i3e29
    1. Morgan PJ, Lubans DR, Collins CE, Warren JM, Callister R. 12-month outcomes and process evaluation of the SHED-IT RCT: an internet-based weight loss program targeting men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011 Jan;19(1):142–51. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.119. oby2010119
    1. Titov N, Andrews G, Robinson E, Schwencke G, Johnston L, Solley K, Choi I. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):905. doi: 10.1080/00048670903179269.
    1. Titov N, Andrews G, Johnston L, Robinson E, Spence J. Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2010 Sep;48(9):890–9. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.014.S0005-7967(10)00110-5
    1. Andersson G, Estling F, Jakobsson E, Cuijpers P, Carlbring P. Can the patient decide which modules to endorse? An open trial of tailored internet treatment of anxiety disorders. Cogn Behav Ther. 2011 Mar;40(1):57–64. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2010.529457.933730789
    1. Linke S, Murray E, Butler C, Wallace P. Internet-based interactive health intervention for the promotion of sensible drinking: patterns of use and potential impact on members of the general public. J Med Internet Res. 2007;9(2):e10. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9.2.e10. v9i2e10
    1. Linke S, Brown A, Wallace P. Down your drink: a web-based intervention for people with excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol Alcohol. 2004;39(1):29–32.
    1. Postel MG, De Haan HA, De Jong CA. Evaluation of an e-therapy program for problem drinkers: a pilot study. Subst Use Misuse. 2010 Oct;45(12):2059–75. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2010.481701.
    1. Postel MG, de Haan HA, ter Huurne ED, Becker ES, de Jong CA. Effectiveness of a web-based intervention for problem drinkers and reasons for dropout: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(4):e68. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1642. v12i4e68
    1. Bingham CR, Barretto AI, Walton MA, Bryant CM, Shope JT, Raghunathan TE. Efficacy of a web-based, tailored, alcohol prevention/intervention program for college students: initial findings. J Am Coll Health. 2010;58(4):349–56. doi: 10.1080/07448480903501178.CU84170632G43W67
    1. Klein AA, Slaymaker VJ, Dugosh KL, McKay JR. Computerized continuing care support for alcohol and drug dependence: a preliminary analysis of usage and outcomes. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012 Jan;42(1):25–34. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2011.07.002.S0740-5472(11)00130-9
    1. Schwinn TM, Schinke SP, Di Noia J. Preventing drug abuse among adolescent girls: outcome data from an internet-based intervention. Prev Sci. 2010 Mar;11(1):24–32. doi: 10.1007/s11121-009-0146-9.
    1. Nicholas J, Proudfoot J, Parker G, Gillis I, Burckhardt R, Manicavasagar V, Smith M. The ins and outs of an online bipolar education program: a study of program attrition. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(5):e57. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1450. v12i5e57
    1. van Straten A, Cuijpers P, Smits N. Effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(1):e7. doi: 10.2196/jmir.954. v10i1e7
    1. Warmerdam L, van Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(4):e44. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1094. v10i4e44
    1. de Graaf LE, Huibers MJ, Riper H, Gerhards SA, Arntz A. Use and acceptability of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and associations with clinical outcome. J Affect Disord. 2009 Aug;116(3):227–31. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.12.009.S0165-0327(08)00487-4
    1. de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, Severens JL, Widdershoven G, Huibers MJ. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: randomised trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Jul;195(1):73–80. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.054429. 195/1/73
    1. Meyer B, Berger T, Caspar F, Beevers CG, Andersson G, Weiss M. Effectiveness of a novel integrative online treatment for depression (Deprexis): randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2009;11(2):e15. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1151. v11i2e15
    1. Christensen H, Griffiths K, Groves C, Korten A. Free range users and one hit wonders: community users of an Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy program. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;40(1):59–62. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1614.2006.01743.x.ANP1743
    1. Titov N, Dear BF, Schwencke G, Andrews G, Johnston L, Craske MG, McEvoy P. Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2011 Aug;49(8):441–52. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.03.007.S0005-7967(11)00079-9
    1. Carrard I, Fernandez-Aranda F, Lam T, Nevonen L, Liwowsky I, Volkart AC, Rouget P, Golay A, Van der Linden M, Norring C. Evaluation of a guided internet self-treatment programme for bulimia nervosa in several European countries. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2010 Sep 21; doi: 10.1002/erv.1043.
    1. Carlbring P, Nilsson-Ihrfelt E, Waara J, Kollenstam C, Buhrman M, Kaldo V, Söderberg M, Ekselius L, Andersson G. Treatment of panic disorder: live therapy vs. self-help via the Internet. Behav Res Ther. 2005 Oct;43(10):1321–33. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.10.002.S0005-7967(04)00237-2
    1. Carlbring P, Bohman S, Brunt S, Buhrman M, Westling BE, Ekselius L, Andersson G. Remote treatment of panic disorder: a randomized trial of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy supplemented with telephone calls. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Dec;163(12):2119–25. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.12.2119.163/12/2119
    1. Farvolden P, Denisoff E, Selby P, Bagby RM, Rudy L. Usage and longitudinal effectiveness of a Web-based self-help cognitive behavioral therapy program for panic disorder. J Med Internet Res. 2005;7(1):e7. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7.1.e7. v7e7
    1. Klein B, Richards JC, Austin DW. Efficacy of internet therapy for panic disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;37(3):213–38. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.07.001.S0005-7916(05)00045-5
    1. Richards JC, Klein B, Austin DW. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for panic disorder: Does the inclusion of stress management information improve end-state functioning? Clinical Psychologist. 2006;10(1):2–15. doi: 10.1080/13284200500378795.
    1. Kiropoulos LA, Klein B, Austin DW, Gilson K, Pier C, Mitchell J, Ciechomski L. Is internet-based CBT for panic disorder and agoraphobia as effective as face-to-face CBT? J Anxiety Disord. 2008 Dec;22(8):1273–84. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.008.S0887-6185(08)00017-0
    1. Klein B, Austin D, Pier C, Kiropoulos L, Shandley K, Mitchell J, Gilson K, Ciechomski L. Internet-based treatment for panic disorder: does frequency of therapist contact make a difference? Cogn Behav Ther. 2009 Jun;38(2):100–13. doi: 10.1080/16506070802561132.909723917
    1. Ruwaard J, Broeksteeg J, Schrieken B, Emmelkamp P, Lange A. Web-based therapist-assisted cognitive behavioral treatment of panic symptoms: a randomized controlled trial with a three-year follow-up. J Anxiety Disord. 2010 May;24(4):387–96. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.01.010.S0887-6185(10)00027-7
    1. Wims E, Titov N, Andrews G, Choi I. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for panic: A randomized controlled trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;44(7):599–607. doi: 10.3109/00048671003614171.
    1. Klein B, Mitchell J, Abbott J, Shandley K, Austin D, Gilson K, Kiropoulos L, Cannard G, Redman T. A therapist-assisted cognitive behavior therapy internet intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder: pre-, post- and 3-month follow-up results from an open trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2010 Aug;24(6):635–44. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.005.S0887-6185(10)00086-1
    1. Andersson G, Carlbring P, Holmström A, Sparthan E, Furmark T, Nilsson-Ihrfelt E, Buhrman M, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Aug;74(4):677–86. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.4.677.2006-09621-005
    1. Tillfors M, Carlbring P, Furmark T, Lewenhaupt S, Spak M, Eriksson A, Westling BE, Andersson G. Treating university students with social phobia and public speaking fears: Internet delivered self-help with or without live group exposure sessions. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(8):708–17. doi: 10.1002/da.20416.
    1. Furmark T, Carlbring P, Hedman E, Sonnenstein A, Clevberger P, Bohman B, Eriksson A, Hållén A, Frykman M, Holmström A, Sparthan E, Tillfors M, Ihrfelt EN, Spak M, Eriksson A, Ekselius L, Andersson G. Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Nov;195(5):440–7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996. 195/5/440
    1. Tillfors M, Andersson G, Ekselius L, Furmark T, Lewenhaupt S, Karlsson A, Carlbring P. A randomized trial of internet-delivered treatment for social anxiety disorder in high school students. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(2):147–157. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2011.555486.
    1. Carlbring P, Gunnarsdóttir M, Hedensjö L, Andersson G, Ekselius L, Furmark T. Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry. 2007 Feb;190:123–8. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107. 190/2/123
    1. Hedman E, Andersson G, Ljótsson B, Andersson E, Rück C, Mörtberg E, Lindefors N. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy vs. cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(3):e18001. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018001.

Source: PubMed

Szponzorok és közreműködők

Egészségi állapot

Kábítószer-beavatkozások

3
Iratkozz fel