Effect of Oat β-Glucan Intake on Glycaemic Control and Insulin Sensitivity of Diabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Xiao Li Shen, Tao Zhao, Yuanzhong Zhou, Xiuquan Shi, Yan Zou, Guohua Zhao, Xiao Li Shen, Tao Zhao, Yuanzhong Zhou, Xiuquan Shi, Yan Zou, Guohua Zhao

Abstract

Many individual studies on oat β-glucan (OBG) confirmed its functionality in improving type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but disagreements were identified among those results. To derive a pooled estimate of these results, relevant articles, published before 5 September 2015, were collected from four electronic databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) and subjected to meta-analysis in the present work. In total, four articles, dealing with 350 T2DM patients combined, met the inclusion criteria. Compared to control, T2DM patients administrated OBG from 2.5 to 3.5 g/day for 3 to 8 weeks presented significantly lowered concentrations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) by -0.52 (95% CI: -0.94, -0.10) mmol/L (p = 0.01) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by -0.21% (95% CI: -0.40, -0.02) (p = 0.03). However, OBG intake did not significantly lower the fasting plasma insulin (FPI) concentration. In conclusion, mediate-term OBG intake (3-8 weeks) favored the glycaemic control of T2DM patients but did not improve their insulin sensitivity. Regrettably, data upon the effects of long-term OBG intake on glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity were scarce, which is of much importance and should be addressed in future research.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; glycaemic control; insulin sensitivity; meta-analysis; oat β-glucan.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram for the selection of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the meta-analysis. IC1: RCTs conducted in diabetic patients with either a cross-over or parallel design. IC3: use of oat as the only acceptable source of β-glucan. EC1: the amount of oat β-glucan (OBG) is not declared/measured. EC2: the effect of OBG cannot be isolated from additional ingredient in combination diet. EC3: treatment period less than 2 weeks. EC4: inappropriate control group, e.g., contain a small quantity of OBG. EC5: outcome measurement not containing one of the following: fasting plasma glucose concentration, fasting plasma insulin concentration, and HbA1c(%). EC6: animal studies. EC7: secondary information, e.g., review article, editorial, commentary. EC8: publishing languages is not English or Chinese.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot for the effect of OBG intake on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration. Data are expressed as mean differences in FPG concentration with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For Ma 2013 [15], FPG concentration is obtained at a dose of 2.5 g/day OBG.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Funnel plot for the effect of OBG intake on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration. For Ma 2013 [15], FPG concentration is obtained at a dose of 2.5 g/day OBG.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot for the effect of OBG intake on HbA1c(%). Data are expressed as mean differences in HbA1c(%) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For Ma 2013 [15], FPG concentration is obtained at a dose of 2.5 g/day OBG.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Funnel plot for the effect of OBG intake on HbA1c(%). For Ma 2013 [15], HbA1c(%) is obtained at a dose of 2.5 g/day OBG.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot for the effect of OBG intake on fasting plasma insulin (FPI) concentration. Data are expressed as mean differences in FPI concentration with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For Ma 2013 [15], FPI concentration is obtained at a dose of 2.5 g/day OBG.

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Source: PubMed

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