Electrogastrography in adults and children: the strength, pitfalls, and clinical significance of the cutaneous recording of the gastric electrical activity

Giuseppe Riezzo, Francesco Russo, Flavia Indrio, Giuseppe Riezzo, Francesco Russo, Flavia Indrio

Abstract

Cutaneous electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive technique to record gastric myoelectrical activity from the abdominal surface. Although the recent rapid increase in the development of electrocardiography, EGG still suffers from several limitations. Currently, computer analysis of EGG provides few reliable parameters, such as frequency and the percentage of normal and altered slow wave activity (bradygastria and tachygastria). New EGG hardware and software, along with an appropriate arrangement of abdominal electrodes, could detect the coupling of the gastric slow wave from the EGG. At present, EGG does not diagnose a specific disease, but it puts in evidence stomach motor dysfunctions in different pathological conditions as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Despite the current pitfalls of EGG, a multitasking diagnostic protocol could involve the EGG and the (13)C-breath testing for the evaluation of the gastric emptying time-along with validated gastrointestinal questionnaires and biochemical evaluations of the main gastrointestinal peptides-to identify dyspeptic subgroups. The present review tries to report the state of the art about the pathophysiological background of the gastric electrical activity, the recording and processing methodology of the EGG with particular attention to multichannel recording, and the possible clinical application of the EGG in adult and children.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relationship between viscera and EGG electrodes according to Chen et al. [25].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Time signal (bipolar and monopolar time signals, upper and lower, resp.) on the right; Mean Spectrum and Running Spectra Analysis (upper and lower, resp.) on the left. Following Running Spectra Analysis and using Fast-Fourier transform, the frequency components of 256-second (T) epochs of EGG signal were calculated, overlapped by 75%  (ΔT = 64 s) and displayed as a three-dimensional frequency plot.

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Source: PubMed

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