Hormonal and Thirst Modulated Maintenance of Fluid Balance in Young Women with Different Levels of Habitual Fluid Consumption

Evan C Johnson, Colleen X Muñoz, Liliana Jimenez, Laurent Le Bellego, Brian R Kupchak, William J Kraemer, Douglas J Casa, Carl M Maresh, Lawrence E Armstrong, Evan C Johnson, Colleen X Muñoz, Liliana Jimenez, Laurent Le Bellego, Brian R Kupchak, William J Kraemer, Douglas J Casa, Carl M Maresh, Lawrence E Armstrong

Abstract

Background: Surprisingly little is known about the physiological and perceptual differences of women who consume different volumes of water each day. The purposes of this investigation were to (a) analyze blood osmolality, arginine vasopressin (AVP), and aldosterone; (b) assess the responses of physiological, thirst, and hydration indices; and (c) compare the responses of individuals with high and low total water intake (TWI; HIGH and LOW, respectively) when consuming similar volumes of water each day and when their habitual total water intake was modified.

Methods: In a single-blind controlled experiment, we measured the 24 h total water intake (TWI; water + beverages + food moisture) of 120 young women. Those who consumed the highest (HIGH, 3.2 ± 0.6 L·day(-1), mean ± SD) and the lowest (LOW, 1.6 ± 0.5 L·day(-1)) mean habitual TWI were identified and compared. Outcome variables were measured during two ad libitum baseline days, a four-day intervention of either decreased TWI (HIGH) or increased TWI (LOW), and one ad libitum recovery day.

Results: During the four-day intervention, HIGH and LOW experienced differences in thirst (p = 0.002); also, a statistically significant change of AVP occurred (main effect of TWI and day, p < 0.001), with no effect (TWI or day) on aldosterone and serum osmolality. Urine osmolality and volume distinguished HIGH from LOW (p = 0.002) when they consumed similar 24 h TWI.

Keywords: aldosterone; arginine vasopressin; osmolality; thirst; urine.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Frequency distribution of TWI (mean of five days) for 120 healthy, young college-aged women.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations in morning plasma samples of HIGH and LOW during ad libitum baseline (three days), controlled water intake (four days), and ad libitum recovery (one day). Different phases separated by vertical dotted lines. * Significant difference within group from the three-day mean of baseline (p < 0.001).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Plasma AVP concentration; and (B) thirst rating, grouped on the basis of similar TWI for HIGH and LOW. * Significant within-group differences, when consuming different TWI. † represents significant between-group differences (HIGH versus LOW, p = 0.002), when consuming similar TWI.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relationship between thirst rating and plasma AVP concentration. The y-intercepts of these lines are significantly different (p < 0.001). Squares represent HIGH, circles represent LOW. Open markers represent when each group was consuming a SMALL volume of fluid, and filled markers represent when each group was consuming a LARGE volume of fluid. Solid line represents line of best fit for all data points from HIGH. Dashed line represents line of best fit for all data points from LOW.

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