Sarcopenia and Physical Function in Middle-Aged and Older Stroke Survivors

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in stroke survivors using different methodologies, and compare a subset of the stroke group to age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched nonstroke control counterparts.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: A Veterans Affairs medical center and a university hospital.

Participants: Mild to moderately disabled participants >6 months after onset of stroke aged 40 to 84 years (N=190, 61% men, 57% African American; mean BMI ± SEM, 29±1kg/m2).

Interventions: Not applicable.

Main outcome measures: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans to assess appendicular lean mass (ALM). Rates of sarcopenia were determined using 4 established methods: (1) ALM/height2 (ALM/ht2); (2) European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons; (3) International Working Group on Sarcopenia; and (4) ALM/BMI.

Results: Sarcopenia prevalence in our stroke cohort ranged between 14% and 18%. The stroke survivor subset (n=38) matched one-for-one with control counterparts for race, sex, age ±4 years and BMI ±2.5kg/m2 had higher prevalence rates compared with their nonstroke counterparts (13.2% vs 5.3%, P<.0001). ALM/ht2 was related to 6-minute walking speed (r=.28, P<.01) and peak oxygen consumption (L/min: r=.58, P<.0001) for the stroke group.

Conclusions: Stroke survivors show an elevated prevalence of sarcopenia when considering age, sex, and race compared with nonstroke individuals.

Keywords: Exercise; Muscles; Rehabilitation; Sarcopenia; Stroke.

Conflict of interest statement

None

Published by Elsevier Inc.

Figures

Figure 1

The prevalence of sarcopenia in the total group, in women, and in men with criteria of appendicular lean mass (ALM)/ht2, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the International Working Group (IWG), and ALM/body mass index.