Diabetic Macular Edema

Fatih C Gundogan, Umit Yolcu, Fahrettin Akay, Abdullah Ilhan, Gokhan Ozge, Salih Uzun, Fatih C Gundogan, Umit Yolcu, Fahrettin Akay, Abdullah Ilhan, Gokhan Ozge, Salih Uzun

Abstract

Diabetic macular edema (DME), one the most prevalent causes of visual loss in industrialized countries, may be diagnosed at any stage of diabetic retinopathy. The diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of DME have become straightforward with recent developments in fundus imaging, such as optical coherence tomography. Laser photocoagulation, intravitreal injections, and pars plana vitrectomy surgery are the current treatment modalities; however, the positive effects of currently available intravitreally injected agents are temporary. At this point, further treatment choices are needed for a permanent effect.

Sources of data selection: The articles published between 1985-2015 years on major databases were searched and most appropriate 40 papers were used to write this review article.

Keywords: Bevacizumab; Diabetic macular edema; Fluorescein angiography; Optical coherence tomography; Pars plana vitrectomy; Ranibizumab; Triamcinolone acetonide.

Figures

Fig.1
Fig.1
Diabetic macular edema in the right (1a) and left eye (1b) of a patient.
Fig.2
Fig.2
Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) (2a) and optical coherence tomography (2b) images of diabetic macular edema. Fluorescein leakage (2a) and cystoid spaces (2b) are seen in FFA and OCT, respectively.
Fig.3
Fig.3
Schematic view of clinically significant macular edema.
Fig.4
Fig.4
Fundoscopic view (4a) and fluorescein angiography (4b) of a diabetic retinopathy patient with vascular leakage in the temporal retina and focal macular edema.
Fig.5
Fig.5
Optical coherence tomography images before the ranibizumab injection (5a, 5b) and after three monthly injections of ranibizumab (5c, 5d).

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Source: PubMed

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